Wastewater

About: Wastewater is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 92512 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1256590 citations. The topic is also known as: waste water.

Anaerobic treatment in decentralised and source-separation-based sanitation concepts

Abstract: Anaerobic digestion of wastewater should be a core technology employed in decentralised sanitation systems especially when their objective is also resource conservation and reuse The most efficient system involves separate collection and anaerobic digestion of the most concentrated domestic wastewater streams: black or brown water and solid fraction of kitchen waste Separate collection using minimal amount of transport water besides saving this resource allows to apply a targeted treatment A relatively small volume of digested effluent can be directly reused for fertilisation or processed when a high quality product is required Clean nutrient production requires advanced multi-step treatment but the quality of products is risk-free The issue of organic micro-pollutants and their accumulation in the environment is recently often addressed Anaerobic treatment of total domestic wastewater stream can be applied as well Treated in this way wastewater can be discharged or used for irrigation or fertilisation The post-treatment will be usually required and its rate of complexity depends on the anaerobic effluent quality and local requirements for final effluent quality A variety of technological solutions for treatment of domestic wastewater streams and reuse of resources is discussed in this paper

Removal of natural steroid hormones from wastewater using membrane contactor processes.

Abstract: Growing demands for potable water have strained water resources and increased interest in wastewater reclamation for potable reuse. This interest has brought increased attention to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) as emerging water contaminants. The effect of EDCs, and in particular natural steroid hormones, on humans is of heightened interest in the study of wastewater reuse in advanced life support systems (e.g., space missions) because they are excreted in urine and have high endocrine-disrupting potencies. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and forward osmosis (FO) are being investigated for wastewater treatment in space. Retention of two natural steroid hormones, estrone and 17beta-estradiol, by these two processes was evaluated in the current investigation. DCMD provided greater than 99.5% hormone rejection; DCMD also provided constant flux, greater than 99.9% urea and ammonia rejection, and high water recovery. FO provided from 77 to 99% hormone rejection depending on experiment duration and feed solution chemistry.