Topic
Wastewater
About: Wastewater is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 92512 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1256590 citations. The topic is also known as: waste water.
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TL;DR: The impact of nutrient discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to United States freshwater systems is reviewed and reuse programs provide an opportunity to reduce or eliminate direct nutrient discharging to receiving waters while allowing for the beneficial use of reclaimed water.
Abstract: Excessive nutrient loading (considering nitrogen and phosphorus) is a major ongoing threat to water quality and here we review the impact of nutrient discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to United States (US) freshwater systems While urban and agricultural land uses are significant nonpoint nutrient contributors, effluent from point sources such as WWTPs can overwhelm receiving waters, effectively dominating hydrological characteristics and regulating instream nutrient processes Population growth, increased wastewater volumes, and sustainability of critical water resources have all been key factors influencing the extent of wastewater treatment Reducing nutrient concentrations in wastewater is an important aspect of water quality management because excessive nutrient concentrations often prevent water bodies from meeting designated uses WWTPs employ numerous physical, chemical, and biological methods to improve effluent water quality but nutrient removal requires advanced treatment and infrastructure that may be economically prohibitive Therefore, effluent nutrient concentrations vary depending on the particular processes used to treat influent wastewater Increasingly stringent regulations regarding nutrient concentrations in discharged effluent, along with greater freshwater demand in populous areas, have led to the development of extensive water recycling programs within many US regions Reuse programs provide an opportunity to reduce or eliminate direct nutrient discharges to receiving waters while allowing for the beneficial use of reclaimed water However, nutrients in reclaimed water can still be a concern for reuse applications, such as agricultural and landscape irrigation
410 citations
TL;DR: The study reported and analyzed the current state of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in urban China from the perspective of treatment technologies, pollutant removals, operating load and effluent discharge standards, with the aim of developing rational criteria and appropriate technologies for water recycling.
410 citations
Book•
04 Jan 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of organisms: stoichiometry and kinetics energy metabolism aerobic heterotrophic micro-organisms anaerobic Heterotrophic Micro-organisms autrotrophic microorganisms.
Abstract: Part 1 How nature deals with waste: nature of wastewater micro-organisms and pollution control microbial oxygen demand. Part 2 How man deals with waste: basic treatment processes sedimentation secondary (biological) treatment tertiary and advanced treatment. Part 3 The role of organisms: stoichiometry and kinetics energy metabolism aerobic heterotrophic micro-organisms anaerobic heterotrophic micro-organisms autrotrophic micro-organisms. Part 4 Biological processes: fixed-film reactors activated sludge stabilization ponds anaerobic unit processes plants and land treatment. Part 5 Sludge treatment and disposal: sludge characteristics and treatment land disposal sea disposal. Part 6 Disease and water: water-borne diseases removal of pathogenic organisms. Part 7 Biotechnology and wastewater treatment: role of biotechnology resource reuse biological conversion environmental protection.
410 citations
TL;DR: Adsorption processes are being widely used by various researchers for the removal of heavy metals from waste streams and activated carbon has been frequently used as an adsorbent as discussed by the authors.
410 citations
TL;DR: The ozonation and microfiltration/reverse osmosis processes employed in two WWTPs were very effective to remove them, showing their main contributions to the removal of such micro-pollutants in wastewater treatment.
409 citations