Topic
Wastewater
About: Wastewater is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 92512 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1256590 citations. The topic is also known as: waste water.
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TL;DR: The P-bioavailability was significantly increased due to the formation of new mineral phases such as chlorapatite, farringtonite and stanfieldite during thermochemical treatment, which shows that these objectives have been achieved with the proposed process.
332 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantify gas and wastewater production using data from 2189 Marcellus wells located throughout Pennsylvania and find that despite producing significantly less wastewater per unit gas recovered, developing the region has increased the total wastewater generated in the region by approximately 570% since 2004, overwhelming current wastewater disposal infrastructure capacity.
Abstract: [1] Hydraulic fracturing has made vast quantities of natural gas from shale available, reshaping the energy landscape of the United States. Extracting shale gas, however, generates large, unavoidable volumes of wastewater, which to date lacks accurate quantification. For the Marcellus shale, by far the largest shale gas resource in the United States, we quantify gas and wastewater production using data from 2189 wells located throughout Pennsylvania. Contrary to current perceptions, Marcellus wells produce significantly less wastewater per unit gas recovered (approximately 35%) compared to conventional natural gas wells. Further, well operators classified only 32.3% of wastewater from Marcellus wells as flowback from hydraulic fracturing; most wastewater was classified as brine, generated over multiple years. Despite producing less wastewater per unit gas, developing the Marcellus shale has increased the total wastewater generated in the region by approximately 570% since 2004, overwhelming current wastewater disposal infrastructure capacity.
332 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of permeable substrata, such as gravel, commonly planted with emergent wetland plants such as Typha, Schoenoplectus, Phragmites or Cyperus, has been investigated.
332 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the reuse of wastewater from the dairy industry was investigated using coagulation, adsorption and membrane separation using different types of coagulants categorized as inorganic, polymeric and organic having biological origins.
330 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the nitrate removal efficiency of two constructed wetlands receiving ambient river water to one constructed municipal wastewater treatment wetland over the same 2-year period in central Ohio, USA.
329 citations