Water balance

About: Water balance is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12867 publications have been published within this topic receiving 364452 citations.

Application of Hydrological Models Related to Land Use Land Cover Change

Abstract: Anthropogenic activities such a clearing tropical forests, adapting subsistence in agriculture, escalating farmland production or growing urban areas and infrastructure change worlds landscape in ubiquitous ways. For the purpose of obtaining fresh water for irrigation, industry and domestic consumption, human activities have changed the natural hydrological cycle. Fertilizers and chemicals directly entering the environment, putting effect on water quality and ecological units. Worldwide water withdrawal is nearly 3900 km3 year−1. Agriculture contributes 85 % of world wide consumption decreasing water table in various regions causing water balance fluctuation. Upper Mississippi River (UMR) basin and river basin in Lowa suggest ancient LULC changes compressed basin scale water balance. Cumulative stream flow trends found better than cumulative precipitation alone. Disturbance in water balance causes the transfer of pollutants to streams and finally to Gulf of Mexico. Influence of land use changes on storm runoff comprised three parts (i) generation of spatially explicit land use scenario (ii) generation of spatially distributed and process based runoff hydrological models (iii) interpretation, demonstration and dissemination of results.

Water use by desertic vegetation and its hydrological implications

Abstract: Describes the use of water by trees, grasses and agricultural crops in desert conditions in Western Rajasthan. The diurnal transpiration rates in June, Sept. and Dec. of Tecomella undulata, Salvadora oleoides and Prosopis cineraria are tabulated. High rates of turnover of water were maintained in all seasons. Changes in the moisture conditions in the upper soil layers did not affect the transpiration rate (a) or relative turgidity (b) of mature trees (with deep root systems), but seedlings with a limited root system showed a decline in (a) and (b) as the soil moisture approached the wilting point. Stress is laid on the dependence of groundwater in the areas concerned upon recharge from distant catchments

Balanço hídrico climatológico para o município de nepomuceno-mg

Abstract: Climatic water balance (CWB) is a tool widely used in the management of water resources. The objective of the study was to estimate CWB by the Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) method for the Sape River Basin, located in Nepomuceno-MG. Data from three climatological stations neighboring the study area were used directly from INMET, between 2003 and 2016, for the elaboration of the historical series of precipitation and temperature and to calculate the monthly averages. The BHC was estimated taking into account the predominance of Oxisol and coffee cultivation, adopting 115 mm for the available water capacity in the soil. It was verified that the average total annual rainfall and mean annual temperature were 1306.5 mm and 20.7 ° C. Mean total evapotranspiration and total real evapotranspiration were 972.59 mm and 874 mm. That is, they followed the tendency of the rains for the region. The water surplus during the year exceeded the deficit, demonstrating the capacity of recharge of the basin and the low propensity to water shortage. However, it is worth noting that despite the main agricultural use, the basin is responsible for supplying the municipality. Thus, good water management is recommended to guarantee population demand.