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Water column

About: Water column is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13706 publications have been published within this topic receiving 496626 citations.


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TL;DR: In this article, the abundance of 12 species of planktonic foraminifera collected in two plankton tows from the east tropical Atlantic are compared to the chlorophyll content and the temperature of the sea water from which they were collected.
Abstract: Abundances of 12 species of planktonic foraminifera collected in two plankton tows from the east tropical Atlantic are compared to the chlorophyll content and the temperature of the sea water from which they were collected. As expected from previous work in the tropics, all dominant tropical species occur in greatest abundance within the photic zone. Many species occur in greatest abundances in the seasonal thermocline in association with the maximum chlorophyll concentration, while a few algal symbiont-bearing species occur in greatest abundance in the mixed layer. The δ18O measurements of planktonic foraminifera shells from core top sediment samples confirm the vertical stratification within the photic zone that is suggested by the relationship between hydrography and abundances found in the plankton tows and found in the statistical study by Ravelo et al. [1990]. Comparison between the measured δ18O values of planktonic foraminifera with the predicted δ18O profiles of the overlying water column at three core locations indicate that species abundances in the sediment record the seasonally integrated conditions of the photic zone and suggests that the abundance of a species in the sediment depends on whether the preferred ecological conditions of that species may be found within the photic zone of the overlying water column sometime during the year. Species which calcify below the photic zone have only trace relative abundances. Finally, it appears that the total range of δ18O values of the dominant species approximates the predicted annual δ18O of calcite range in the upper 80 m of the water column.

310 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Zhu-jiang (Pearl River) estuary and its adjacent continental shelf in the Northern South China Sea (SCS) is unique in that its drainage basin is located entirely in a subtropical zone with heavy population development, and therefore represents an important regime for biogeochemical studies on how large rivers influence continental shelves.

309 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, nitrogen isotope data for nitrate from transects of hydrocast and surface samples collected in the eastern Indian and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean is reported.
Abstract: We report nitrogen isotope data for nitrate from transects of hydrocast and surface samples collected in the eastern Indian and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean, focusing here on the data from the upper water column to study the effect of nitrate consumption by phytoplankton. The δ15N of nitrate increases by 1–2‰ from deep water into the Antarctic summertime surface layer, due to kinetic isotopic fractionation during nitrate uptake. Estimation of the nitrate uptake isotope effect from Antarctic depth profiles yields values in the range of 5–6‰ in east Indian sector and 4–5‰ in the east Pacific sector. Surface transect data from the Pacific sector also yield values of 4–5‰. The major uncertainty in the profile-based estimation of the isotope effect involves the δ15N of nitrate from the temperature minimum layer below the summertime Antarctic surface layer, which deviates significantly from the predictions of simple models of isotope fractionation. For the Subantarctic surface, it is possible to distinguish between nitrate supplied laterally from the surface Antarctic and nitrate supplied vertically from the Subantarctic thermocline because of the distinctive relationships between the δ15N and concentration of nitrate in these two potential sources. Our Subantarctic samples, collected during the summer and fall, indicate that nitrate is supplied to the Subantarctic surface largely by northward transport of Antarctic surface water. Isotopic data from the Pacific sector of the Subantarctic suggest an isotope effect of 4.5‰, indistinguishable from the Antarctic estimates in this sector.

306 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examination of two abundant particle feeders in this ecosystem, pelagic red crabs and giant larvaceans, showed that microplastic particles readily flow from the environment into coupled water column and seafloor food webs, suggesting that one of the largest and currently underappreciated reservoirs of marine microplastics may be contained within theWater column and animal communities of the deep sea.
Abstract: Plastic waste has been documented in nearly all types of marine environments and has been found in species spanning all levels of marine food webs. Within these marine environments, deep pelagic waters encompass the largest ecosystems on Earth. We lack a comprehensive understanding of the concentrations, cycling, and fate of plastic waste in sub-surface waters, constraining our ability to implement effective, large-scale policy and conservation strategies. We used remotely operated vehicles and engineered purpose-built samplers to collect and examine the distribution of microplastics in the Monterey Bay pelagic ecosystem at water column depths ranging from 5 to 1000 m. Laser Raman spectroscopy was used to identify microplastic particles collected from throughout the deep pelagic water column, with the highest concentrations present at depths between 200 and 600 m. Examination of two abundant particle feeders in this ecosystem, pelagic red crabs (Pleuroncodes planipes) and giant larvaceans (Bathochordaeus stygius), showed that microplastic particles readily flow from the environment into coupled water column and seafloor food webs. Our findings suggest that one of the largest and currently underappreciated reservoirs of marine microplastics may be contained within the water column and animal communities of the deep sea.

304 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that a significant portion of the methane from discharged methane bubbles can reach the upper water column, which may be explained due to the formation of hydrate skins.

302 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023458
2022969
2021497
2020502
2019502
2018466