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Water column
About: Water column is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13706 publications have been published within this topic receiving 496626 citations.
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01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a study conducted by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICOW) have been used for the measurement of trace metals in sea water.
Abstract: Session I: Metalloids and the Hydride Generation.- The Determination of the Chemical Species of Some of the "Hydride Elements" (Arsenic, Antimony, Tin, and Germanium) in Sea Water: Methodology and Results.- Antimony Content and Speciation in the Water Column and Interstitial Waters of Saanich Inlet.- Ultratrace Speciation and Biogenesis of Methyltin Transport Species in Estuarine Waters.- The Relationship of the Distribution of Dissolved Selenium IV and VI in Three Oceans to Physical and Biological Processes.- Session II: Arctic Chemistry.- Trace Metals in the Arctic Ocean.- Copper in Sub-Arctic Waters of the Pacific Northwest.- Low Level Determination of Trace Metals in Arctic Sea Water and Snow by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry.- The Relationship between Distributions of Dissolved Cadmium, Iron, and Aluminium and Hydrography in the Central Arctic Ocean.- Session III: Intercalibration Exercise.- Intercomparison of Seawater Sampling Devices for Trace Metals.- The Analysis of Trace Metals in Biological Reference Materials: A Discussion of the Results of the Intercomparison Studies Conducted by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.- An Intercomparison of Sampling Devices and Analytical Techniques Using Sea Water from a CEPEX Enclosure.- Session IV: Estuarine Processes Involving Metals.- Role of Fresh Water/Sea Water Mixing on Trace Metal Adsorption Phenomena.- Effects of Particle Size and Density on the Transport of Metals to the Oceans.- The Effect of Sewage Effluents on the Flocculation of Major and Trace Elements in a Stratified Estuary.- Impoverishment and Decrease of Metallic Elements Associated with Suspended Matter in the Gironde Estuary.- The Significance of the River Input of Chemical Elements to the Ocean.- Session V: Air/Sea Exchange and Coastal Processes Involving Metals.- Air-Sea Exchange of Mercury.- Separation of Copper and Nickel by Low Temperature Processes.- The Fate of Particles and Particle-Reactive Trace Metals in Coastal Waters: Radioisotope Studies in Microcosms.- Trace Metals in a Landlocked Intermittently Anoxic Basin.- Session VI: Ocean Distribution and Analysis.- Thorium Isotope Distributions in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific.- Aspects of the Surface Distributions of Copper, Nickel, Cadmium, and Lead in the North Atlantic and North Pacific.- Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd in the Western North Atlantic.- Some Recent Measurements of Trace Metals in Atlantic Ocean Waters.- Determination of the Rare Earth Elements in Sea Water.- The Cycle of Living and Dead Particulate Organic Matter in the Pelagic Environment in Relation to Trace Metals.- Trace Metal Levels in Sea Water from the Skagerrak and the Kattegat.- Mercury Concentrations in the North Atlantic in Relation to Cadmium, Aluminium and Oceanographic Parameters.- Perturbations of the Natural Lead Depth Profile in the Sargasso Sea by Industrial Lead.- Copper, Nickel and Cadmium in the Surface Waters of the Mediterranean.- Accurate and Precise Analysis of Trace Levels of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Ni in Sea Water by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry.- Session VII: Chemical Speciation.- Studies of the Chemical Forms of Trace Elements in Sea Water Using Radiotracers.- Trace Metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd) in Anoxic Environments.- The Behavior of Trace Metals in Marine Anoxic Waters: Solubilities at the Oxygen-Hydrogen Sulfide Interface.- Variations of Dissolved Organic Copper in Marine Waters.- Trace Metals Speciation in Nearshore Anoxic and Suboxic Pore Waters.- The Contrasting Geochemistry of Manganese and Chromium in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean.- Potentialities and Applications of Voltammetry in Chemical Speciation of Trace Metals in the Sea.- Studies of Cadmium, Copper and Zinc Interactions with Marine Fulvic and Humic Materials in Seawater Using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry.- Chemical Periodicity and the Speciation and Cycling of the Elements.- Potentiometric and Conformational Studies of the Acid-Base Properties of Fulvic Acid from Natural Waters.- Copper Speciation in Marine Waters.- Session VIII: Metals and the Biosphere.- Plankton Compositions and Trace Element Fluxes from the Surface Ocean.- Metals in Seawater as Recorded by Mussels.- Trace Elements and Primary Production: Problems, Effects and Solutions.- Trace Metals and Plankton in the Oceans: Facts and Speculations.- Sensitivity of Natural Bacterial Communities to Additions of Copper and to Cupric Ion Activity: A Bioassay of Copper Complexation in Seawater.- List of Participants.- Index of Authors.
476 citations
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TL;DR: The fluxes of individual carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids and pigments have been determined in net-plankton, particulate matter and sediments from three sites (9°N, 5°N and 0°N) in the central equatorial Pacific to evaluate sources and reactivities of organic compounds as mentioned in this paper.
476 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the distributions of turbidity, nutrients, and phytoplankton across the salinity gradients of three estuaries: Chesapeake Bay, Delaware Bay, and the Hudson river estuary.
Abstract: Estuaries receive continuous inputs of nutrients from their freshwater sources, but the fate of the inputs is poorly known. In order to document nutrient removal from the water column by phytoplankton, we measured the distributions of turbidity, nutrients, and phytoplankton across the salinity gradients of three estuaries: Chesapeake Bay, Delaware Bay, and the Hudson river estuary. Mixing diagrams were used to distinguish between conservative and non-conservative behavior; i.e. between loss from the water column and export to the estuarine plume on the shelf. In Chesapeake and Delaware Bays, we frequently observed a turbidity maximum in the oligohaline region, a chlorophyll maximum in clearer waters seaward of the turbidity maximum, and a nutrient-depleted zone at the highest salinities. In the Hudson River estuary, mixing diagrams were dominated by lateral waste inputs from New York City, and nutrient removal could not be estimated. In Chesapeake Bay, there was consistent removal of total N, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate from the water column, whereas in Delaware Bay, total N, ammonium, total P, and phosphate were removed. Total N and P removal in the Chesapeake and Delaware are estimated as ca. 50%, except for TP in the Chesapeake, which appeared to be conservative. Phytoplankton accumulation was associated with inorganic nutrient removal, suggesting that phytoplankton uptake was a major process responsible for nutrient removal. In the high salinity zone near and in the shelf plume, an index of nutrient limitation suggested no limitation in the Hudson, slight or no limitation in the Delaware, and widespread limitation in the Chesapeake, especially for P. These observations and information from the literature are summarized as a conceptual model of the chemical and biological structure of estuaries.
473 citations
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TL;DR: The similar Pb isotopic signatures of the sediments offered strong evidence that the PRE was a major source of trace metals to the adjacent coastal area, and slightly lower Pb/Pb ratios in the coastal sediments may indicate other inputs of Pb in addition to the PRE sources, including the inputs from Hong Kong and other parts of the region.
465 citations
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TL;DR: The data indicate that changes in Antarctic seasons are accompanied by significant shifts in the species composition of bacterioplankton assemblages and by large decreases in the relative proportion of archaeal rRNA in the nearshore water column.
Abstract: A previous report of high levels of members of the domain Archaeal in Antarctic coastal waters prompted us to investigate the ecology of Antarctic planktonic prokaryotes. rRNA hybridization techniques and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the bacterial V3 region were used to study variation in Antarctic picoplankton assemblages. In Anvers Island nearshore waters during late winter to early spring, the amounts of archaeal rRNA ranged from 17.1 to 3.6% of the total picoplankton rRNA in 1996 and from 16.0 to 1.0% of the total rRNA in 1995. Offshore in the Palmer Basin, the levels of archaeal rRNA throughout the water column were higher (average, 24% of the total rRNA) during the same period in 1996. The archaeal rRNA levels in nearshore waters followed a highly seasonal pattern and markedly decreased during the austral summer at two stations. There was a significant negative correlation between archaeal rRNA levels and phytoplankton levels (as inferred from chlorophyll a concentrations) in nearshore surface waters during the early spring of 1995 and during an 8-month period in 1996 and 1997. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that 5 to 14% of DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-stained cells were archaeal, corresponding to 0.9 x 10(4) to 2.7 x 10(4) archaeal cells per ml, in late winter 1996 samples. Analysis of bacterial ribosomal DNA fragments by DGGE revealed that the assemblage composition may reflect changes in water column stability, depth, or season. The data indicate that changes in Antarctic seasons are accompanied by significant shifts in the species composition of bacterioplankton assemblages and by large decrease in the relative proportion of archaeal rRNA in the nearshore water column.
464 citations