Showing papers on "Water environment published in 1977"
TL;DR: Different Fourier syntheses are used to refine a model which gives the best agreement with the observed data whilst being both physically and chemically acceptable, and a Fourier synthesis of the axially projected electron density in wet collagen fibrils is given.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated direct contact condensation of saturated steam bubbles introduced into a quiescent subcooled water environment for a range of pressures from 10.3 to 62.1 bar (150-900 lb in 2 ) for subcooling from 15 to 100°C and for initial bubble diameters of about 3mm.
56 citations
TL;DR: Using 59Fe3+ and 32PO43− as tracers, the uptake and transport of iron and phosphate from a water environment by roots and shoots of the vascular aquatic plant Vallisneria spiralis L. were studied.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the fatigue properties of nylon 6.6, PET polyester, and polypropylene fibres are compared and a technique of "rotation over a wire" was used that involved tension compression cycling of fibres that were being rotated while bent through an angle near to 90°.
Abstract: An investigation of the fatigue properties of nylon 6.6, PET polyester, and polypropylene fibres is reported, and the results are compared. A technique of ‘rotation over a wire’ was used that involved tension–compression cycling of fibres that were being rotated while bent through an angle near to 90°. The effect of a water environment was also studied. Polypropylene fibres were found to have exceptionally high resistance to fatigue.
21 citations
Patent•
15 Aug 1977TL;DR: In this paper, a multistage ammonium sulfate contactor with liquid cyclone recycle is described. But this is not the case in this paper, as it requires the use of a scrubbing section for the removal of ammonia from the effluent gas by countercurrent contact with water or acid solution.
Abstract: A process for the production of ammonium sulfate in a multistage contactor (or column) inclusive of liquid cyclone recycle. A gas, or gases, which contains sulfur dioxide, e.g., a flue gas, is contacted with ammonia in an oxygen and water environment in a column comprised of three sections (zones). Sulfur dioxide is contacted in vapor phase in a central section of the contactor with a stoichiometric excess of ammonia in the presence of oxygen and water vapor to produce ammonium sulfate. A scrubbing section for the removal of ammonia from the effluent gas by countercurrent contact with water or acid solution is provided in the upper section of the contactor. Liquid cyclones are utilized in the lower section of the contactor where product ammonium sulfate is removed as a slurry, crystalline ammonium sulfate is removed from the slurry, and liquid is returned as recycle to the contactor.
21 citations
01 Sep 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of high temperature water environment on the performance of materials typically used for light water reactor primary piping and internal structures were investigated, including carbon steel, types-304 and -304L stainless steel, and Inconel 600 in various metallurgical conditions.
Abstract: The report presents the results obtained in an investigation aimed at quantitatively evaluating the effects of a high temperature water environment on the performance of materials typically used for light water reactor primary piping and internal structures. Technical incentive for this work centers around the need to better understand the mechanisms of stress-assisted corrosion and corrosion-accelerated fatigue, particularly from the viewpoint of assessing and improving, if required, the applicable design codes. A special test facility was set up at the Dresden 1 Nuclear Power Station, Morris, Illinois, and testing began in 1970. Materials being investigated include carbon steel, Types-304 and -304L stainless steel, and Inconel 600 in various metallurgical conditions, simulating as nearly as practicable ''as installed'' piping. Primary water (500/sup 0/F, 1040 psi) from the Dresden 1 BWR system is piped to the special test loop and circulated at 10 gpm through three test vessels. Each of the test vessels contains test specimens designed to yield the specific test data judged essential to the purpose of quantitatively evaluating environmental effects. Crack initiation under cyclic plastic strain (low cycle fatigue) is studied in test vessel 1, crack initiation and growth under static loading is studied in test vessel 2, andmore » crack growth under cyclic loading is studied in test vessel 3. The Dresden 1 test loop was decommissioned in June 1975 after a total of 35,525 loading cycles had been applied to the fatigue specimens. The primary focus of the report is the low cycle fatigue crack initiation specimens in vessel 1.« less
17 citations
TL;DR: Rapid recruitment of electrolytes from the environment and movement into the plasma, a strong mineral retention mechanism, or mobilization of body mineral stores worked together or individually to compensate for those minerals lost with water during hemoconcentration.
Abstract: Blood was pooled from randomly selected 3-yr-old rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) before addition of chlorine to their water environment and afterward when fish began to gulp for air and lose equili...
12 citations
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that if the mandates of the present laws are met, the energy use to achieve higher standards will lead to a poorer overall land, air, and water environment.
Abstract: Factors including a goal of ultimate exclusion of the use of the waters of the United States for the disposal of pollutants, limited knowledge of actual toxicity limits, problems with accurate analytical methods, little knowledge of uncontrollable background, and zealot pressures on legislatures have led to overly conservative standards. These requirements with unrealistic design and construction deadlines have left the designer little choice but to design for compliance with numbers shown in the standards rather than the least net negative environmental impact. After the mandates of the present laws are met, the energy use to achieve “higher standards” will lead to a poorer overall land, air, and water environment. Assurance that environmental improvement will accrue is therefore directly dependent upon scientifically valid effluent and receiving water standards and it is of considerable importance that research be carried on in this area.
3 citations
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an industrial activity plan is designed to design, regarding the allocation of the water resoruces as a constraint, taking into account the conservation of a regional water environment.
Abstract: Taking into account the conservation of a regional water environment, the allocation of the water resoruces should be deisgned not to achieve the economic optimization in an industrial activity but to conserve the water environment. The industrial activity plan is to design, regarding the allocation of the water resoruces as a constraint. From the above standpoint, the allocation of water resporuces including the assessement of the load impact on a coastal sea is analzyed in this paper.There is a strong correlation between the water quality in a river and a sewerage equipment. Hence, using the annual change of the sewerage equipmentas a parameter, it is shown that when and how much the water resoruces is to be allocated in each region. The BOD load and the flow in the river is shown as a function of the water resoruces distribution and the level of the sewerage equipment; state equations are constructed; constraints and an objective function are presented. The model is a control process and able to solve by the method of a maximum principle. It is shown that the aforementioned model can be applied efficiently in the actual river basin.
TL;DR: In air-grown intact rice seedlings, piercing of the coleoptiles and emergence of the second leaves took place after 3 days germination indicating that lack of sufficient oxygen in water environment was the major cause of dormancy of second leaf.