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Showing papers on "Water environment published in 2001"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of the literature related to combined sewer overflows, sanitary sewer overflow, and stormwater discharges, which is composed of three basic subareas: combined sewer overflow (CSO), sanitary sink overflow (SSO), and storm water discharge (SWD).
Abstract: This section is composed of three basic subareas: combined sewer overflows (CSOs), sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs), and stormwater discharges. Much of the literature cited came from documents covering noteworthy global conferences (Bathala, 1996; Engineering Foundation, 1996; Hallam et al., 1996; Maxwell et al., 1996; Sieker and Verworn [Eds.], 1996; Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1996; U.S. EPA 1996a; Water Environment Federation, 1996a,b,c). In addition, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) published guidance documents (U.S. EPA, 1996,c,d,e), which are discussed in more detail in the subsection Regulatory Policies and Financial Aspects.

403 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The chemical forms of heavy metals in sediment cores of the Pearl River Estuary were studied using a sequential chemical extraction method and the 206Pb/207Pb ratios in the exchangeable fraction were the lowest among the five fractions, particularly in top sediments, showing the anthropogenic inputs ofheavy metals from recent rapid industrial development in the surrounding region.

317 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study results commend use of multipurpose solutions by CLW in Hong Kong to achieve the lowest expected rates of infection.
Abstract: Microbial keratitis has been studied in Hong Kong as a representative sub-tropical climate of south China. An 18-month investigation in 1997/98 of 223 cases of ulcerative keratitis (presumed microbial) was conducted in the 2 million population of Shatin and Kowloon at the Prince of Wales and Hong Kong Eye Hospitals respectively with comprehensive microbiology. A case-control study was pursued at the same time between 45 contact-lens wearers (CLW) developing microbial keratitis and 135 lens-wearing volunteers matched for age, sex, educational status and visual acuity. Home water supplies were sampled for Acanthamoeba. Previous ocular surface disease and trauma (preventable by wearing goggles for grinding) were common predisposing causes while cosmetic wear of contact lenses was responsible for 26% of cases overall. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the commonest bacterium isolated, from both CLW and non-CLW, with infection being acquired within the community. These 28 pseudomonads remained fully sensitive to the third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and quinolone antibiotics, which is very encouraging. Fungi were isolated, predominantly Fusarium sp., but less commonly than expected. A fungal/bacterial ratio was obtained of 1/17, while in comparison, the expected ratio for a tropical climate ranges from 1/5 (Singapore) to 1/2 (South India). Acanthamoeba was the second commonest microbe isolated from keratitis of CLW. The domestic water environment of 8% of homes of both patients and controls wearing contact lenses was colonized with Acanthamoeba. Lack of hygiene, use of tap water for storing lenses, failure to air-dry lens-storage cases or use of one-step hydrogen peroxide disinfectant were identified as risk factors for keratitis in CLW. The study results commend use of multipurpose solutions by CLW in Hong Kong to achieve the lowest expected rates of infection.

190 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the 1990's, a number of best management practices (BMPs) manuals have been developed that address the control of urban runoff to protect receiving water quality as discussed by the authors, and several papers have investigated the effectiveness of these BMPs in protecting small urban watercourses, and concluded that they do not.
Abstract: In the 1990's, a number of best management practices (BMPs) manuals have been developed that address the control of urban runoff to protect receiving water quality. More recently, several papers have investigated the effectiveness of these BMPs in protecting small urban watercourses, and have concluded that they do not. Investigations of both design practices and effectiveness reveals that there is a lot of ignorance in the scientific and engineering community about what constitutes a properly designed BMP and what it really achieves, with respect to environmental protection. This paper discusses the state-of-practice in BMP design in the United States and points out its strengths and weaknesses with respect to real protection of the downstream receiving water environment. The paper recommends an approach to design criteria development that can be applied over a wide variety of climatologic, topologic, and geologic conditions to protect receiving waters systems.

141 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) was investigated using interrupted constant extension rate tensile tests in a primary water environment at 360°C, where thermal-mechanical treatments were used to increase the fraction of special boundaries from approximately 20-25% to between 30 and 40%.
Abstract: Susceptibility to intergranular stress corrosion cracking in Ni–16Cr–9Fe– x C alloys in 360°C primary water is reduced with increasing fraction of special grain boundaries, i.e. coincident site lattice boundaries (CSLB) and low angle boundaries, and grain boundary carbides. Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) was investigated using interrupted constant extension rate tensile tests in a primary water environment at 360°C. Thermal–mechanical treatments were used to increase the fraction of special boundaries from approximately 20–25% to between 30 and 40%. In a carbon-doped heat, further heat treating was used to precipitate grain boundary carbides preferentially on high-angle boundaries (HAB). Orientation imaging microscopy was used to determine the relative grain misorientations and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to identify specific grain boundaries after each interruption. After each strain increment, the same regions in each sample were examined for cracking. Results showed that irrespective of the microstructure condition, CSLBs always cracked less than HABs. Results also showed that IGSCC is reduced with increasing solution carbon content, and for the same amount of carbon in solution, the addition of grain boundary carbides reduced IGSCC still further. The best microstructure was the one consisting of an enhanced CSLB fraction and chromium carbides precipitated preferentially on high-angle boundaries.

108 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The combined biological and chemical trace analysis data have provided valuable information on the relative contribution of natural, synthetic, and non-steroidal anthropogenic chemicals to the estrogenic and dioxin-like activity in leachates from a wastewater treatment plant, and water from a nearby river.

90 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluating the occurrence of Legionella in groundwater samples collected from various sites showed that Legionella could be readily recovered from groundwater samples by cultivation even though their numbers showed considerable variations and surprisingly, the PCR methodology was not yet as sensitive as cultivation.

61 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an approach to real-time scheduling of supplemental irrigation, which makes use of short-term weather forecasts and an optimising decision algorithm, is presented for potatoes grown in eastern England under conditions that represent wet, dry and average years.

61 citations


01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: The 2001 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress as discussed by the authors was held in Orlando, Florida, May 20-24, 2001, and a collection of 502 papers presenting the state of the practice in environmental and water resource issues was presented.
Abstract: Proceedings of the 2001 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, held in Orlando, Florida, May 20-24, 2001. Sponsored by Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE. Cooperating organizations: American Public Works Association; American Water Resources Association; Elsevier Science Ltd.; Florida Water Environment Association; Interstate Council on Water Policy; National Water Resources Association; Universities Council on Water Resources; Water Environmental Federation; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Geological Survey. This collection contains 502 papers presenting the state of the practice in environmental and water resource issues. Topics include: environmental modeling; rivers and basins; dams and reservoirs; watersheds and wetlands; water and wastewater; scour and sedimentation; southeastern U.S. water issues; stormwater and best management practice; water distribution systems analysis; water treatment and remediation; flood management; water resource management; and water policies and regulations.

49 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sedimentation test was carried out on tailing slime and the area required for tailing pond was found to be 3155 m2 in comparison to 10 000 m2 obtained from the use of an empiricalequation.
Abstract: The physical and chemical nature of the tailingslime depends on milling operations and water contentin the effluent. The characteristics of the tailingsdictate the type of disposal facility required.Characteristics of the tailings, transportation frombeneficiation plants and disposal system are described.Studies on tailing slime have been carried out at ironore mines in Orissa and the results are discussed. Thetailings contain toxic elements and find their wayinto the water environment. Sedimentation test was carriedout on tailings and the area required for tailing pondwas found to be 3155 m2 in comparison to10 000 m2 obtained from the use of an empiricalequation. Provision of tailing pond for the disposalof tailings is a conservation of resources in additionto pollution control, and sedimentation test is essentialfor required pond size calculation.

43 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an 18-membered triaza-macrocyclic ligand bearing one endocyclic terpyridine unit and three acetate pendant groups is reported.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The speciation of this group has a direct relationship with the three uplift intervals of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the water system of this region was separated gradually and Glyptosternum-like ancestor was isolated in different rivers and evolved into various species.
Abstract: Based on the phylogenetic and biogeographical studies of the glyptosternoid fishes in Qinghai-Tibet area, the following hypothesis is proposed: the speciation of this group has a direct relationship with the three uplift intervals of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This process was explained by the theory of vicariance of biogeography. The ancestor of this group was similar to Bagarus and/or Glyptothorax, which still have a wide distribution. At the moment when the Tethys sea closed, the Indian tectonic plate collided with the Eurasian tectonic plate, so the Glyptothorax-like and Bagarus-like ancestors entered Eurasia and gradually became widely distributed. After the Pleistocene, with the enforced colliding, the gradual uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau brought about the current water environment, and the Glyptosternoids were generated from Glyptothorax-like fish under this environment. The present Glyptosternum, distributed across the Himalayas is the ancestor of Glyptosternoids. In the three uplift intervals of the plateau, the water system of this region was separated gradually and Glyptosternum-like ancestor was isolated in different rivers and evolved into various species. All this resulted in the speciation and formation of the biogeographical pattern of glyptosternoids.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fluorescence data indicate that in ternary complex polymer interacts through Cu(2+) ions with BSA preferentially at the site close to the location of "cleft" tryptophan residue, which leads to static quenching of this tryPTophan fluorescence.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The German Association for the Water Environment (ATV) prepared the guideline ATV-M 210 to represent the state of the art for this type of WWTPs in Germany to prepare a basis for the comparison of alternatives.

Patent
02 Apr 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a body heat retaining pod that is carried in a folded condition within a special purpose backpack attached at the rear of a harness that is worn over a conventional life jacket.
Abstract: A protective body heat retaining pod that is carried in a folded condition within a special purpose backpack attached at the rear of a harness that is worn over a conventional life jacket by both civilian and military personnel who find themselves in or about to enter a cold water environment while awaiting rescue from an emergency situation. A hood to be pulled over the head and cinched tightly around the face of the wearer is attached to the back of the protective body heat retaining pod. The protective pod has a sealed body portion that fits around the legs, arms and torso of the wearer within which a small volume of water is trapped and heated by the wearer's body heat to slow a drop in the wearer's body temperature. A cinching cord is attached to the bottom and sides of the protective pod to be pulled upwardly by the wearer, whereby the protective pod is correspondingly pulled upwardly and inwardly to draw and hold the wearer's legs in a fetal position so as to reduce the size of the body portion and thereby minimize the volume of water to be trapped and heated therewithin.

Book
28 Jun 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a case study of the water environment and national planning in Morocco, focusing on the trigger effects of water in the economy an empirical example - Morocco.
Abstract: Part 1 Introduction. Part 2 The water environment and national planning: water in the economy methodological overview study focus - trigger effects of water in the economy an empirical example - Morocco. Part 3 The methodology: account balances water resource planning and management integrating water into the macroeconomic system economic impact analysis framework for an integrated water resource strategy conclusion. Part 4 Application - case study of Morocco: Morocco the Moroccan economy overview of the water sector in Morocco macro-economic integrated analysis of hydrology model (MEIAH) base scenario results and economic framework closed matrix to households macro-economic value of water conclusion. Part 5 Economic analysis and policy implications: moving beyond the scenario of the present to evaluate possible future scenarios sustaining the environment environmental scenario analysis domestic policy reforms international policies - scenarios D and E targeting priority investments choice of investments strategic conclusions. Part 6 Conclusions and future development: goals and objectives of this study conclusions and recommendations implementation of the MEIAH model future developments appendices.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of a water environment on an isolated peptide system was studied and it was shown that the effect is enormous, in that the charge in the water environment decays over a characteristic distance of only some 1 A, whereas in our isolated peptides system there is very little attenuation observed.
Abstract: In our previous work we have introduced a bifunctional model to predict the otherwise surprising charge migration in peptides and their chemical reactivity. Such transfer of charge and distal reactivity is often found to occur a long distance from the original site of excitation and is typical in biological signal transduction. This model introduced the subject of reactivity at a distance, in contrast to classical local reaction theories. Our model was initiated by our experimental observation of extremely efficient charge transport in peptides over substantial distances, subject to certain energetic rules, but now survives the introduction of the aqueous medium. The question we wish to study in this paper is the effect of a water environment on such an isolated system. Experimentally it is known that this effect is enormous, in that the charge in the water environment decays over a characteristic distance of only some 1 A, whereas in our isolated peptide system there is very little attenuation observed. We here do extensive molecular dynamics calculations in the presence of 611 water molecules and demonstrate that our original mechanism survives entering the liquid phase but that the effect of the water is to create a hydrophobic jacket around the peptide that seriously constrains the motion of the peptide. Such motion in the peptide is an essential element in our bifunctional model. In fact when we now calculate the efficiencies in water, we obtain a value near 2.4%, which translates into an exponential ‚ factor of 1 A -1 , which agrees with the value experimentally observed for charge transport of ‚-sheet protein charges in water. Hence, even though the experimental results in the gas phase and in water differ by some orders of magnitude, our bifunctional model is able to encompass both extreme situations, the isolated system and the peptide in the water environment. In both cases the calculations agree with the experimental results.

Journal ArticleDOI
J. Seager1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the issue of indicators for water management by considering why we need them, what the characteristics of a good indicator should be, how they can add value to policy and decision-making, and what are their limitations.
Abstract: This paper addresses the issue of indicators for water management by considering why we need them, what the characteristics of a good indicator should be, how they can add value to policy and decision-making, and what are their limitations. There are a vast quantity of data available on water in Europe from which a range of basic trend indicators has been derived. Most of these indicators address "what is happening?"-type questions. Some indicators go further and address "does it matter?" questions by assessing trends against prescribed standards and targets. There have been some interesting developments in indicators which help to understand the demand side of water management and to assess the relative efficiencies of resource usage in different socio-economic sectors. More effort is needed to bring together relevant social, economic and environmental information interactively to define indicators that address questions about the sustainability of water use and the contribution of the water environment to our overall quality of life. The development of indicators to date has concentrated on making the best use of available information. However, we now need to move from a position of "best available information" towards "best needed information". This will require better communication between information users and providers. It will also require a rethinking of exactly what our priority knowledge needs are to support policy-making and environmental management. This is essential if we are to obtain the best value from limited monitoring resources by eliminating the current redundancy in reporting requirements and refocusing programmes to deliver priority information needs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A formulation that readily allows quantitative comparisons with experimental chemical yields in long-range charge transfer in DNA is developed, based on a superexchange-mediated sequential hopping model that takes into account the multistep charge migrations among guanine bases and the individual substep of supexonchange through adenines and/or thymines.
Abstract: A formulation that readily allows quantitative comparisons with experimental chemical yields in long-range charge transfer in DNA is developed. The theory is based on a superexchange-mediated sequential hopping model that takes into account the multistep charge migrations (hopping) among guanine bases and the individual substep of superexchange (tunneling) through adenines and/or thymines. An exact Ohm’s law is established for kinetic multistep hopping processes, while the scattering matrix technique is exploited to determine the coherent unistep contributions. Presented are also the quantitative comparisons with the experimental measurements in some DNA molecules involving intrastrand and/or interstrand charge transfer processes in aqueous solution. The dependence of product yield on both the length and the sequence of DNA is clearly demonstrated. Understanding of long-range charge transfer in DNA is of central significance for the control and repair of DNA oxidative damage 1,2 and for the development of DNA-based molecular technology. 3,4 Despite a large number of experimental 5-10 and theoretical 9-18 studies, the mechanism of the long-range charge transfer in DNA remains a challenge due to the complexity of various lengths and sequences of the molecules, together with their water environment. In a DNA molecule, four bases adenosine (A), guanosine (G), thymidine (T), and cytidine (C), participating in Watson-Crick pairing as AT and GC, are arranged in a specified double strand sequence. The long-range charge transfer in a DNA sequence involves an oxidative hole charge hopping successively from one G base to the next G, either adjacent or nonadjacent, until it reaches the hole acceptor or a triple GGG unit. There are no

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The empirical model obtained indicates that the factor most influencing the EBPR process is the influent COD/P ratio, whilst the anaerobic fraction is that which has least influence.
Abstract: The uncontrolled dumping of phosphorus into a water environment creates serious problems of eutrophication, affecting water quality and causing grave problems in the aquatic ecosystem. European legislation demands drastic reduction of phosphorus dissolved in wastewater. Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) is the current tendency in wastewater treatment. This biological process depends on a multiplicity of variables, but its three main factors are: influent COD/P ratio, anaerobic fraction and sludge retention time (SRT). The aim of this work is to statistically determine the effect of these three parameters in EBPR through a response surface methodology. The objective function that has been chosen is phosphorus removed per unit biomass formed. This function provides ample information on BPR, since the quantity of phosphorus removed depends on the accumulative capacity of the microorganisms present. Two levels were chosen for the SRT (5 and 10 days), two for the anaerobic fraction (0.1 and 0.2), a...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the distribution and concentrations of sulfur in coal were analyzed and the existing forms of sulfur were studied, and the variation of sulfur and its impact on the environments also were described when coal is used.
Abstract: Sulfur is one of the hazardous elements in coal. The concentrations of sulfur are relatively high in coal. The major forms of sulfur in coal are pyritic, organic and sulfate. Pyritic and organic sulfur generally account for the bulk of sulfur in coal. Elemental sulfur also occurs in coal, but only in trace to minor amounts. When coals are burned, leached and washed, sulfur will be released in the form of sulfide and H 2 S, which then react with O 2 , water and other substances to change into vitriol, and in some places it may form acid rain. And they will impact water environment, acidify the soil and do great harm to plants and human health. In this paper, on the basis of the data from the Yanzhou mining district, the distribution and concentrations of sulfur are analyzed and the existing forms of sulfur are studied. The variation of sulfur and its impact on the environments also are described when coal is used.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, changes in the composition of the assemblage of medusae and ctenophores were exam- ined daily over a period of 28 d, encompassing three upwelling events in a non-advective environment within the southern Benguela ecosystem.
Abstract: Changes in the composition of the assemblage of medusae and ctenophores were exam- ined daily over a period of 28 d, encompassing 3 upwelling events in a non-advective environment within the southern Benguela ecosystem. The relationships between assemblage composition and the environment were analysed using canonical correspondence analyses. Although distinct assem- blages were associated with upwelling itself, as well as with the periods of water column stabilisation and stratification, indicator species for the assemblages could not be identified. This reflected the near ubiquitous nature of most assemblage members, and their probable response to historical (unmeasured) environmental variables. That notwithstanding, it is clear that short-term changes in characteristics of the surface and deeper water environment are reflected by short-term changes in the composition of the gelatinous zooplankton assemblage. This is more reminiscent of phytoplank- ton than holozooplankton and probably reflects the meroplanktic nature of most assemblage mem- bers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: V. parahaemolyticus was undetectable during the cool temperature period of the year, although total bacterial cells and CFU on nutrient agar (with 2% NaCl) did not vary so much during the study period.
Abstract: We investigated the recovery of dormant and injured cells along with the normally culturable cells of Vibrio species with special emphasis on V. parahaemolyticus using both selective and non-selective media at moderate (20 C) and standard (37 C) culture temperatures from a bay water environment. Culture temperatures (20 or 37 C) did not affect the recovery of V. parahaemolyticus but did for other vibrios. We observed similar seasonality of V parahaemolyticus as in most other environmental studies. V. parahaemolyticus and other Vibrio species were recovered in higher numbers by a replica plating method compared to most probable number (MPN) and direct TCBS (thiosulfate citrate bile-salt sucrose) agar counts. Even with the replica plating method, however, vibrios number goes down to a minimum level and V. parahaemolyticus was undetectable during the cool temperature period of the year, although total bacterial cells and CFU on nutrient agar (with 2% NaCl) did not vary so much during the study period.

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Apr 2001-Talanta
TL;DR: The voltammetry behavior of six azodyes with various structures of the interface circuit and substituents in o,o'-positions, and their rare earth (RE) complexes was investigated in detail and the possibility of voltammetric determination of azodye in a water environment was shown.

Journal ArticleDOI
Makoto Kawagoe1, Y. Doi1, N. Fuwa2, T. Yasuda2, K. Takata2 
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of absorbed water on the interfacial fracture resistance between two layers of unsaturated polyester (UP) and glass of the bilayer specimen were evaluated by measuring a load for producing the fracture by inserting a razor blade into the interface.
Abstract: The effects of absorbed water on the interfacial fracture resistance between two layers of unsaturated polyester (UP) and glass of the bilayer specimen were evaluated by measuring a load for producing the fracture by inserting a razor blade into the interface. The specimens were subjected to the cyclic absorption-desorption and the continuous absorption processes of water. The load to initiate the interfacial fracture was markedly lowered by the early absorption process for short period, and then gradually reduced with increasing cycle or period of water absorption, although it slightly recovered after the first great reduction when the specimens were subjected to the soaking process at lower temperatures. The micro-FTIR (ATR) analyses of the detached surface of the UP resin from the glass plate revealed that the water is accumulated in the resin at the interface in the cluster, showing the concentration to increase with increases both in the temperature of environmental water and in the water-soaking period. The IR analyses also demonstrated the hydrolysis reaction to take place on the detached resin surface of specimen exposed to water at high temperature. Thus the accumulated water at the interface may remain and promote the interfacial degradation even under the drying process by various mechanisms like the hydrolysis reaction in hot water environment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The key finding of the study is a conserved site of a water molecule near oxyanion hole of the enzyme active site, which is found in all the modeled complexes and in most crystal structures of papain family either native or complexed.
Abstract: This work represents an extensive MD simulation / water-dynamics studies on a series of complexes of inhibitors (leupeptin, E-64, E-64-C, ZPACK) and plant cysteine proteases (actinidin, caricain, chymopapain, calotropin DI) of papain family to understand the various interactions, water binding mode, factors influencing it and the structural basis of differential inhibition. The tertiary structure of the enzyme-inhibitor complexes were built by visual interactive modeling and energy minimization followed by dynamic simulation of 120 ps in water environment. DASA study with and without the inhibitor revealed the potential subsite residues involved in inhibition. Though the interaction involving main chain atoms are similar, critical inspection of the complexes reveal significant differences in the side chain interactions in S2-P2 and S3-P3 pairs due to sequence differences in the equivalent positions of respective subsites leading to differential inhibition. The key finding of the study is a conserved site of a water molecule near oxyanion hole of the enzyme active site, which is found in all the modeled complexes and in most crystal structures of papain family either native or complexed. Conserved water molecules at the ligand binding sites of these homologous proteins suggest the structural importance of the water, which changes the conventional definition of chemical geometry of inhibitor binding domain, its shape and complimentarity. The water mediated recognition of inhibitor to enzyme subsites (Pn...H2O....Sn) of leupeptin acetyl oxygen to caricain, chymopapain and calotropinDI is an additional information and offer valuable insight to potent inhibitor design.

01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: Based on the investigation information from the dry period of the Pearl River Mouth, in Mar of 1987 and Jan of 1997 respectively, the water quality status in the profile of internal Lingding and external Lingding were assessed by the water quallity index model and selecting pH, DO, PO 3-4 P, COD, Chl_a and DIN as the assessment index as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Based on the investigation information from the dry period of the Pearl River Mouth, in Mar of 1987 and Jan of 1997 respectively, the water quality status in the profile of internal Lingding and external Lingding were assessed by the water quallity index model ( WQI ) and selecting pH, DO, PO 3- 4 P, COD, Chl_a and DIN as the assessment index. The assessment result shows that the organic carbon and the inorganic nitrogen were the main pollutants in the waters of Lingdingyang estuary. When the assessment result was compared before and after the decade, the water quality in the profile of internal Lingding was worse than in external Lingding. The eutrophication of the Pearl River Mouth in the dry period of 1997 was also assessed. It shows that the eutrophication edgree in Lingdingyang estuary of the Pearl River Mouth was high,so, the water environment around the Pearl River Mouth should be paid much attention.

01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: Based on the relationship between water environment, population and economic development, a model system of regional water environment bearing capacity was set up in this paper, which was applied to study the water environmentbearing capacity in Guanzhong region.
Abstract: Based on the relationships between water environment,population and economic development,the model system of regional water environment bearing capacity was set up.This model system was applied to study the water environment bearing capacity in Guanzhong region.The water environment bearing capacities of different progects.and the optimal strategy for improving the water environment bearing capacily were obtained.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the matrix block negative factor counting method to calculate the density of states of an aperiodic single stack of DNA, consisting of 100 nucleotide bases in the DNA B conformation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes.
Abstract: Literature published in 2014 and early 2015 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes.