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Water environment

About: Water environment is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13384 publications have been published within this topic receiving 125138 citations.


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Proceedings ArticleDOI
28 Sep 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the concept of statistically distributed flaws and moisture-enhanced growth of cracks under stress in a nonparametric bootstrap analysis to assess the reliability of dual-pane glass aircraft windows.
Abstract: Basic concepts of statistically distributed flaws and moisture-enhanced growth of cracks under stress are used in a nonparametric bootstrap analysis to assess the reliability of dual-pane glass aircraft windows. Statistical distributions of window strengths, evaluated by rapid loading in an inert environment, are analyzed as three-parameter Weibull distributions using a maximum likelihood procedure. Strength distributions for a variety of pane surface conditions are evaluated, for example, as-ground and polished surfaces, which are typical of a `protected' inner window pane, and outer pane surfaces with various types of simulated in-service `damage,' e.g., airborne dust impact, windblown sand, and cleaning/handling scratches. The crack growth parameters needed to assess the time-dependent crack growth behavior are determined at room temperature in a water environment via dynamic fatigue, or constant stressing rate tests on indented specimens. Predicted lifetimes at a 95% confidence level are ascertained for various window scenarios at a 99% survival probability via a Monte Carlo simulation using a nonparametric bootstrap procedure.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Different Fourier syntheses are used to refine a model which gives the best agreement with the observed data whilst being both physically and chemically acceptable, and a Fourier synthesis of the axially projected electron density in wet collagen fibrils is given.

104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed the use of water footprint instead of conventional indicators (fresh water consumption per tonne of steel or water consumption (WC) per tonme of steel) for the iron and steel industry.

104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the AgBr and Ag3PO4 photocatalyst particles were loaded onto the surface of chitosan fiber via chelation and in situ anion exchange method.
Abstract: Using Fiber as the based material for photocatalyst particles is favorable for their recovery, thereby avoiding the photocatalyst particles cause secondary pollution to water environment. In this work, the AgBr and Ag3PO4 photocatalyst particles were loaded onto the surface of chitosan fiber (CF) via chelation and in situ anion-exchange method. The photocatalytic results illustrated that the AgBr/Ag3PO4/CF composites displayed the best photocatalytic performance when the mass ratio of Ag3PO4 and AgBr onto the CF was approximately 1:0.15, their degradation rate can reach 98.1% for the methyl orange (MO) solution, this value far exceeded those of pure CF, AgBr/CF composites, and Ag3PO4/CF composites. Besides, the AgBr/Ag3PO4/CF composites also shown excellent durability, after the fifth cycle, they still maintained a decolorization rate of 86.4% for the MO solution, while the Ag3PO4/CF composites maintained a decolorization rate of only 70.7%. Based on these results, we consider that the AgBr/Ag3PO4/CF composites have high practical interest in environmental remediation.

103 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the potential of sixteen commonly used pharmaceutical compounds in mixed solutions by seven advanced oxidation techniques in laboratory batch experiments and found that ozone-based techniques rather than ultraviolet radiation based techniques were very powerful for simultaneous removal of the compounds efficiently.
Abstract: Widespread detection of pharmaceutical compounds in water environment has been a serious concern recently, while conventional sewage treatments are ineffective for their elimination. But, advanced oxidation techniques are very promising to remove varieties of organic contaminants in water. This research aims to elucidate oxidation potentials of sixteen commonly used pharmaceutical compounds in mixed solutions by seven advanced oxidation techniques in laboratory batch experiments. The removal profiles exhibited four distinct patterns: a) easily degradable by all seven techniques, b) not easily degradable by all seven techniques, c) easily degradable by ozone-based techniques, but not by ultraviolet radiation-based techniques and d) easily degradable by ultraviolet radiation-based techniques, but not by ozone-based techniques. Ozone-based techniques rather than ultraviolet radiation-based techniques were very powerful for simultaneous removal of the compounds efficiently. Moreover, ozonation combined with ultraviolet radiation was the most appropriate technique for simultaneous removal of the tested compounds efficiently. Increased ozone dissolution and decomposition with ozone-based techniques did not always enhance the compounds' removal. Physicochemical properties of the compounds and solution pH also presumably played an important role on the removal which merits further attention.

103 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202239
2021932
2020869
2019980
20181,015
2017916