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Water environment
About: Water environment is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13384 publications have been published within this topic receiving 125138 citations.
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TL;DR: It can be concluded that Stx2-encoding phages persist longer than theirHost bacteria in the water environment and are more resistant than their host bacteria to chlorination and heat treatment.
Abstract: The behavior outside the gut of seeded Escherichia coli O157:H7, naturally occurring E. coli, somatic coliphages, bacteriophages infecting O157:H7, and Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2)-encoding bacteriophages was studied to determine whether the last persist in the environment more successfully than their host bacteria. The ratios between the numbers of E. coli and those of the different bacteriophages were clearly lower in river water than in sewage of the area, whereas the ratios between the numbers of the different phages were similar. In addition, the numbers of bacteria decreased between 2 and 3 log units in in situ survival experiments performed in river water, whereas the numbers of phages decreased between 1 and 2 log units. Chlorination and pasteurization treatments that reduced by approximately 4 log units the numbers of bacteria reduced by less than 1 log unit the numbers of bacteriophages. Thus, it can be concluded that Stx2-encoding phages persist longer than their host bacteria in the water environment and are more resistant than their host bacteria to chlorination and heat treatment.
92 citations
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: The IAEA Sub-programme on water resources IHS plans for 1999-2000 In memoriam Measuring climate change Hydrology, isotopes and the IAEa 1997 IEAA group fellowship training Isotopes in arid-zone hydrology Stream gauging with tracers in Graz, Austria.
Abstract: IAEA Sub-programme on water resources IHS plans for 1999-2000 In memoriam Measuring climate change Hydrology, isotopes and the IAEA 1997 IAEA group fellowship training Isotopes in arid-zone hydrology Stream gauging with tracers in Graz, Austria. See page 6
92 citations
TL;DR: The octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) has been used for the removal of radionuclides from aqueous solutions as discussed by the authors, which is crucial for environmental protection.
92 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a bioinspired fabrication of transparent underwater superoleophobic and anti-oil surfaces using a femtosecond laser treatment is reported, which is attributed to the presence of the water environment because scattering and refraction are effectively weakened.
Abstract: Reported here is a bioinspired fabrication of transparent underwater superoleophobic and anti-oil surfaces using a femtosecond laser treatment. Rough nanoscale structures were readily created on silica glass surfaces by femtosecond laser-induced ablation. Underwater superoleophobicity and ultralow oil-adhesion were obtained by the rough nanostructures with a wide variation of processing parameters, and the as-prepared surfaces exhibited a high transparency in water. This phenomenon is attributed to the presence of the water environment because scattering and refraction are effectively weakened. As a maskless and cost-effective method, the femtosecond laser processing of transparent materials (glass) may provide a new method to create biomimetic transparent underwater surfaces, allowing for the development of novel underwater anti-oil optical devices.
92 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel PDI/PS/Vis system was constructed and the photocatalytic activity of PDI with various degrees of self-assembly was explored, which showed that PDI possesses excellent charge separation efficiency and electron injection from the PDI to persulfate can produce active species more efficiently.
Abstract: A novel PDI/PS/Vis system was constructed and the photocatalytic activity of PDI with various degrees of self-assembly was explored. Perylene diimide (PDI) as photocatalysts possesses excellent charge separation efficiency and the electron injection from the PDI to persulfate (PS) can produce active species more efficiently. With the PDI/PS/Vis system, 5 mg/L bisphenol A (BPA, 50 mL) could be completely removed in 15 min with 0.5 g/L photocatalyst and 1.5 mM PS under visible light (λ>420 nm). Nearly 71.1 % of BPA was mineralized after 1 h degradation. Radical quenching tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra revealed that h+, ·O2−, ·OH and SO4·- all contributed to organics elimination with radical process. Based on the results of theoretical calculations and toxicity assessment, BPA will eventually be converted into non-toxic ring-opening products. Therefore, the highly efficient PDI/PS/Vis system has great potential for application in water environment remediation.
92 citations