Showing papers on "Water scarcity published in 1982"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have shown that dramatic reductions in water consumption can be obtained with both mandatory and voluntary conservation measures. But, they also pointed out that the key to success in overcoming the effects of drought or other water shortage emergencies is having a preset plan of attack.
Abstract: Rethinking traditional water supply management approaches and developing both long-term and short-term water conservation strategies are crucial to coping with the effects of drought. Studies of droughts in Massachusetts and California have shown that dramatic reductions in water consumption can be obtained with both mandatory and voluntary conservation measures. A key to success in overcoming the effects of drought or other water shortage emergencies is having a preset plan of attack.
5 citations
TL;DR: The water policy of the United States of America has evolved over many years from an uncoordinated and often narrowly focused collection of legislative and administrative actions, with the result that efforts to assure adequate water supplies for the future are ineffective as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The water policy of the United States of America has evolved over many years from an uncoordinated and often narrowly focused collection of legislative and administrative actions. Unfortunately, these elements are frequently in conflict, with the result that efforts to assure adequate water supplies for the future are ineffective. Water policy reform is urgently needed to preclude a major scale water crisis.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a water demand model for electricity production is presented which estimates the variability of water demand for energy production as a function of climate, especially temperature, and incorporates the effects of temperature on both consumer energy demand levels and process evaporation for steam-electric cooling.
Abstract: A water demand model for electricity production is presented which estimates the variability of water demand for energy production as a function of climate, especially temperature. The model incorporates the effects of temperature on both consumer energy demand levels and process evaporation for steam-electric cooling. The weather-sensitive analysis of water use contained herein is motivated by two factors. First, the electric power industry is using an increasingly large quantity of water, primarily for cooling. The extent of this use is highly dependent on weather conditions. Second, the current state-of-the-art of seasonal climate forecasting, especially temperature, continues to advance. Whether or not seasonal forecasts can be of beneficial use in water management in the electric power industry becomes an important question in the face of a prolonged water shortage.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the findings of an ambitious research effort to learn from the use of conservation policies employed during the California drought, which provided something to study during the past five years.
Abstract: During the past 5 years, the subject of municipal water conservation has received unprecedented attention from social scientists for two reasons. One was the Carter administration's selection of conservation as a key water policy issue, with a consequent earmarking of research funds to it. The other was the California drought of 1976–1977, which provided something to study. This book is a report of the findings of an ambitious research effort to learn from the use of conservation policies employed during the California drought.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed the need to reorganize the country's water management system to meet the urgent problems of the impending water crisis and proposed a new water management model for the country.
1 citations
TL;DR: Considering the various factors involved in determining timing for introduction of seawater desalination in Israel and the desirable see, it is presently assessed that a 50-100 MCM/yr 1 Desalination plant should operate by the end of the century as mentioned in this paper.
1 citations
TL;DR: The balance of water resources may become particularly strained in the southern regions, with their numerous industrial enterprises, large areas of irrigated land, and unique fisheries as mentioned in this paper, and the water shortage can be compensated for in various ways, such as regulation of surface water, organization of the correct and more economical irrigation of cultivated land, reduction in losses due to filtration in the arterial canals, and reduction in water inputs per unit o...
Abstract: Although our country has at its disposal vast reserves of fresh water, they are very unevenly distributed territorially. Over 80 percent of the natural river runoff is in the economically undeveloped northern and eastern regions, and only 20 percent is in the developed regions, which are inhabited by approximately 85 percent of the population. The balance of water resources may become particularly strained in the southern regions, with their numerous industrial enterprises, large areas of irrigated land, and unique fisheries. The water shortage can be compensated for in various ways. For instance, the Institute of Hydrogeology and Hydrophysics of the Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences estimates that water supply problems of Central Asia and Kazakhstan can be resolved on the basis of local resources through regulation of surface water, organization of the correct and more economical irrigation of cultivated land, reduction in losses due to filtration in the arterial canals, reduction in water inputs per unit o...