Topic
Water scarcity
About: Water scarcity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11579 publications have been published within this topic receiving 228756 citations. The topic is also known as: water shortage.
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TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper studied the changing trends in water supply and demand balance, their impacts on food production, and government policy responses, and showed that water scarcity in China is a regional issue, mainly in northern areas.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors calculate the water footprints of ∼1500 hydropower plants, which cover 43% of the global annual hydroelectricity generation, and evaluate their impacts on water scarcity using temporally explicit water stress indices.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a water allocation system based on markets in tradable water rights and provide cost-effective protection against negative third party and environmental effects which can arise from water trades.
Abstract: Increasing water scarcity , rising costs of irrigation subsidies , and general economic liberalization are creating strong incentives for comprehensive water reform with establishment of tradable water rights and the development of markets in these rights. Experiences in Chile , Mexico , and California indicate that water allocation through markets in tradable water rights offers a viable approach to improving the efficiency of water allocation , and should receive serious consideration from developing country policy makers. Laws establishing tradable rights should be simple and comprehensive , should clearly define the characteristics of water rights and the conditions and regulations governing the trade of water rights ; should establish and implement water rights registers ; delineate the roles of the government , institutions , and individuals involved in water allocation and the ways of solving conflicts between them ; and provide cost-effective protection against negative third party and environmental effects which can arise from water trades .
103 citations
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, ground water samples were collected from different locations in the radius of 25 km. of Kaithal city, Haryana, India and analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics.
Abstract: Ground water samples were collected from different locations in the radius of 25 km. of Kaithal city, Haryana(India). These water samples from 20 sampling points of Kaithal were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. Laboratory tests were performed for the analysis of samples for pH, Colour, Odour, Hardness, Chloride, Alkalinity, TDS etc. On comparing the results against drinking water quality standards laid by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and World Health Organization (WHO), it is found that some of the water samples are non-potable for human being due to high concentration of one or the other parameter. The usefulness of these parameters in predicting ground water quality characteristics were discussed. Thus an attempt has been made to find the quality of ground water in and around Kaithal City town, suitable for drinking purposes or not. (Researcher. 2009;1(2):1-5). (ISSN: 1553-9865). The quality of ground water depends on various chemical constituents and their concentration, which are mostly derived from the geological data of the particular region. Ground water occurs in weathered portion, along the joints and fractures of the rocks. In fact, industrial waste and the municipal solid waste have emerged as one of the leading cause of pollution of surface and ground water. In many parts of the country available water is rendered non-potable because of the presence of heavy metal in excess. The situation gets worsened during the summer season due to water scarcity and rain water discharge. Contamination of water resources available for household and drinking purposes with heavy elements, metal ions and harmful microorganisms is one of the serious major health problems. The recent research in Haryana(India) 1 concluded that it is the high rate of exploration then its recharging, inappropriate dumping of solid and liquid wastes, lack of strict enforcement of law and loose governance are the cause of deterioration of ground water quality. Thus there is a need to look for some useful indicators, both chemical and physical, which can be used to monitor both drinking water operation and performance. Kaithal City area comprises different types of Archaeancrystalline formations. At present there is no major industry in and around the study area, yet household waste water and garbage (municipal sewage) are directly discharged into the area. The water supply for human consumption is often directly sourced from ground water without biochemical treatment and the level of pollution has become a cause for major concern. The water used for drinking purpose should be free from toxic elements, living and non- living organisms and excessive amount of minerals that may be harmful to health. Keeping this in focus, the quality aspects of ground water in Kaithal City area were analyzed for general water quality. Hence, it is highly essential to examine the presence of toxic substances in distribution water for potable purpose before it is used for drinking. EXPERIMENTAL Sample collection Water samples from the selected sites were collected during Sept2007-March 2008 and taken in pre-cleaned polyethylene bottles. The samples after collection were immediately placed in dark boxes and processed within 6 h of collection. Physico-chemical analysis The collected samples were analyzed for major physical and chemical water quality parameters like pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , as per the method Assessment of Ground Water Quality described in "Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater American Public Health Association (APHA) 2 .The parameters present in the water
102 citations
TL;DR: An assessment of socioeconomic-environmental vulnerability of the ten major river basins in the Monsoon Asia-Pacific region was performed by as discussed by the authors, where the authors looked at a combination of various issues, usually investigated in isolation from each other, on a sub-continental scale by using the river basin as the geographical entities for the study.
102 citations