Topic
Water scarcity
About: Water scarcity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11579 publications have been published within this topic receiving 228756 citations. The topic is also known as: water shortage.
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TL;DR: In this article, a Geographical Information System (GIS) tool was used to construct thematic maps for groundwater quality in the Gaza Strip, and an overall picture about the spatial variation in the groundwater quality of theGaza Strip was defined.
Abstract: A Geographical Information System (GIS) tool was used to construct thematic maps for groundwater quality in the Gaza Strip. Environmental data were integrated and an overall picture about the spatial variation in the groundwater quality of the Gaza Strip was defined. The integrated spatial maps helped to refine information on land use, soil types, depth to groundwater table, environmental “hot spots”, and contaminant concentra-tions of the study area. The groundwater quality maps have been derived from the results of an eight-year monitoring program for major anions, cations and heavy metals. An environmental hot-spots map was de-rived from potential contaminating sources, showed direct and indirect influences on groundwater quality. The GIS maps showed not only contaminant distributions but also illustrated the need to improve the groundwater quality management methods. Several contaminants pose great problems in the water of Gaza. Integration of water data and GIS maps for all parameters revealed that there is probably no drinking water in Gaza according to the WHO standards. Moreover, the new maps of 2008 could be used as base-line for water planners and policy makers as well as guidelines for the Palestinian people to manage and protect their groundwater. Increased water demand from population and economic growth, environmental needs, land use changes, urbanization, groundwater mining, deterioration of water quality, pollution from local and diffuse sources, environmental hot-spots and impacts on public heath and ecosystems are all factors that can create a severe water quality crisis as well as water shortage problems.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed how French water resources are allocated over various purposes, and examined impacts of French production in local water resources, and analyzed the water dependency of French consumption and the sustainability of imports.
76 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the adoption of water-saving irrigation technology by farmers and identified the major influencing factors of this decision for metropolis suburbs, and found that 53.1% of farmers adopted water saving irrigation technologies to cope with water scarcity, most of which adopted engineering water saving technologies.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the impacts of water taxes on international trade and find that water taxes reduce water use, and lead to shifts in production, consumption, and international trade patterns.
Abstract: Water is scarce in many countries. One instrument to improve the allocation of a scarce resource is (efficient) pricing or taxation. However, water is implicitly traded on international markets, particularly through food and textiles, so that impacts of water taxes cannot be studied in isolation, but require an analysis of international trade implications. We include water as a production factor in a multi-region, multi-sector computable general equilibrium model (GTAP), to assess a series of water tax policies. We find that water taxes reduce water use, and lead to shifts in production, consumption, and international trade patterns. Countries that do not levy water taxes are nonetheless affected by other countries’ taxes. Taxes on agricultural water use drive most of the economic and welfare impacts. Reductions in water use (welfare losses) are less (more) than linear in the price of water. The results are sensitive to the assumed ability to substitute other production factors for water. A water tax on production would have different effects on water use, production and trade patterns, and the size and distribution of welfare losses than would a water tax on final consumption.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the impact of water scarcity, degradation of its quality and lack of funds on the maintenance and development of irrigation systems in the Near East and argue that these are symptoms of deeper problems related to policy, institutional and market failure, all of which impact the overall development and management of water resources.
76 citations