Showing papers on "Wavelength-division multiplexing published in 2014"
TL;DR: This work shows the first microring-based demonstration of on-chip WDM-compatible mode-division multiplexing with low modal crosstalk and loss, which can potentially increase the aggregate data rate by many times for on- chip ultrahigh bandwidth communications.
Abstract: Significant effort in optical-fibre research has been put in recent years into realizing mode-division multiplexing (MDM) in conjunction with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to enable further scaling of the communication bandwidth per fibre. In contrast, almost all integrated photonics operate exclusively in the single-mode regime. MDM is rarely considered for integrated photonics because of the difficulty in coupling selectively to high-order modes, which usually results in high inter-modal crosstalk. Here we show the first microring-based demonstration of on-chip WDM-compatible mode-division multiplexing with low modal crosstalk and loss. Our approach can potentially increase the aggregate data rate by many times for on-chip ultrahigh bandwidth communications.
655 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the viability of spatial multiplexing to reach a data rate of 5.1 Tbit/s−1/carrier−1 on a single wavelength over a single fiber, by employing few-mode multicore fiber, compact three-dimensional waveguide multiplexers and energy-efficient frequency-domain MIMO equalization.
Abstract: Single-mode fibres with low loss and a large transmission bandwidth are a key enabler for long-haul high-speed optical communication and form the backbone of our information-driven society. However, we are on the verge of reaching the fundamental limit of single-mode fibre transmission capacity. Therefore, a new means to increase the transmission capacity of optical fibre is essential to avoid a capacity crunch. Here, by employing few-mode multicore fibre, compact three-dimensional waveguide multiplexers and energy-efficient frequency-domain multiple-input multiple-output equalization, we demonstrate the viability of spatial multiplexing to reach a data rate of 5.1 Tbit s−1 carrier−1 (net 4 Tbit s−1 carrier−1) on a single wavelength over a single fibre. Furthermore, by combining this approach with wavelength division multiplexing with 50 wavelength carriers on a dense 50 GHz grid, a gross transmission throughput of 255 Tbit s−1 (net 200 Tbit s−1) over a 1 km fibre link is achieved. A few-mode, multicore fibre allows ultra-high-speed data transmission on a single wavelength of light.
426 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a large-scale densely integrated optical memory on a single photonic crystal chip is demonstrated, where the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) capabilities of nanophotonic memories are exploited for optical addressing.
Abstract: Large-scale densely integrated optical memory on a single photonic crystal chip is demonstrated. The wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) capabilities of nanophotonic memories are exploited for optical addressing. This work may enable optical random-access memories and a large-scale WDM photonic network-on-chip.
298 citations
TL;DR: An integrated photon pair source based on a CMOS-compatible microring resonator that generates multiple, simultaneous, and independent photon pairs at different wavelengths in a frequency comb compatible with fiber communication wavelength division multiplexing channels and with a linewidth that is compatible with quantum memories.
Abstract: We report an integrated photon pair source based on a CMOS-compatible microring resonator that generates multiple, simultaneous, and independent photon pairs at different wavelengths in a frequency comb compatible with fiber communication wavelength division multiplexing channels (200 GHz channel separation) and with a linewidth that is compatible with quantum memories (110 MHz). It operates in a self-locked pump configuration, avoiding the need for active stabilization, making it extremely robust even at very low power levels.
242 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate QKD with bidirectional 10 Gb/s classical data channels in a single fiber using dense wavelength division multiplexing and achieve secure key rates of 2.38 Mbps and fiber distances up to 70 km.
Abstract: We demonstrate quantum key distribution (QKD) with bidirectional 10 Gb/s classical data channels in a single fiber using dense wavelength division multiplexing. Record secure key rates of 2.38 Mbps and fiber distances up to 70 km are achieved. Data channels are simultaneously monitored for error-free operation. The robustness of QKD is further demonstrated with a secure key rate of 445 kbps over 25 km, obtained in the presence of data lasers launching conventional 0 dBm power. We discuss the fundamental limit for the QKD performance in the multiplexing environment.
185 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate wavelength and mode-division multiplexed transmission over a fiber re-circulating loop comprising 50-km of low-DMGD few-mode fiber, and an optimized fewmode EDFA with reduced wavelength dependent gain and mode dependent gain.
Abstract: We demonstrate wavelength- and mode-division multiplexed transmission over a fiber re-circulating loop comprising 50-km of low-DMGD few-mode fiber, and an optimized few-mode EDFA with reduced wavelength-dependent gain and mode-dependent gain. We characterize the channel matrix in terms of its singular value spread, and investigate its long-term stability.
180 citations
09 Mar 2014
TL;DR: A mobile-DBA with low-latency for a TDM-PON based mobile fronthaul that utilizes mobile-scheduling information and reduces the latency to about 1/20 of conventional one is proposed.
Abstract: We propose a mobile-DBA with low-latency for a TDM-PON based mobile fronthaul. It utilizes mobile-scheduling information and reduces the latency to about 1/20 of conventional one. Measured latencies (< 50 µs) are enough for LTE.
152 citations
09 Mar 2014
TL;DR: Dense SDM transmission of 20-WDM multi-carrier PDM-32QAM signals over a 40-km 12-core × 3-mode fiber with 247.9-b/s/Hz spectral efficiency is demonstrated.
Abstract: We demonstrate dense SDM transmission of 20-WDM multi-carrier PDM-32QAM signals over a 40-km 12-core × 3-mode fiber with 247.9-b/s/Hz spectral efficiency. Parallel MIMO equalization enables 21-ns DMD compensation with 61 TDE taps per subcarrier.
139 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated photon pair source based on a CMOS compatible microring resonator was proposed, which generates multiple, simultaneous, and independent photon pairs at different wavelengths in a frequency comb compatible with fiber communication wavelength division multiplexing channels (200 GHz channel separation) and with a linewidth compatible with quantum memories (110 MHz).
Abstract: We report an integrated photon pair source based on a CMOS-compatible microring resonator that generates multiple, simultaneous, and independent photon pairs at different wavelengths in a frequency comb compatible with fiber communication wavelength division multiplexing channels (200 GHz channel separation) and with a linewidth that is compatible with quantum memories (110 MHz). It operates in a self-locked pump configuration, avoiding the need for active stabilization, making it extremely robust even at very low power levels.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-span, 67-km space division multiplexed (SDM) wavelength division multiple access (WDM) system incorporating the first reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) supporting spatial superchannels and the first cladding-pumped multicore erbium-doped fiber amplifier directly spliced to multicore transmission fiber is presented.
Abstract: We report a two-span, 67-km space-division-multiplexed (SDM) wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) system incorporating the first reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) supporting spatial superchannels and the first cladding-pumped multicore erbium-doped fiber amplifier directly spliced to multicore transmission fiber. The ROADM subsystem utilizes two conventional 1 × 20 wavelength selective switches (WSS) each configured to implement a 7 × (1 × 2) WSS. ROADM performance tests indicate that the subchannel insertion losses, attenuation accuracies, and passband widths are well matched to each other and show no significant penalty, compared to the conventional operating mode for the WSS. For 6 × 40 × 128-Gb/s SDM-WDM polarization-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift-keyed (PM-QPSK) transmission on 50 GHz spacing, optical signal-to-noise ratio penalties are less than 1.6 dB in Add, Drop, and Express paths. In addition, we demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing joint signal processing of subchannels in this two-span, ROADM system.
113 citations
09 Mar 2014
TL;DR: A directly modulated 850nm VCSEL-based optical link operating error free (BER <; 1E-12) at 64Gb/s over 57m of OM4 multimode fiber is reported.
Abstract: We report a directly modulated 850nm VCSEL-based optical link operating error free (BER < 1E-12) at 64Gb/s over 57m of OM4 multimode fiber. At 60Gb/s, the error free distance increases to 107m.
TL;DR: Space-division multiplexing (SDM) is bound to become an important optical networking technology over the next decade because of its importance in reducing cost, footprint, and energy consumption, and integration-induced crosstalk.
Abstract: Optical networks have economically enabled an unabated exponential traffic growth over the past decades, with commercial wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) systems carrying over 20 Tb/s of traffic per fiber, closely approaching the nonlinear Shannon limit. Looking at all physical dimensions available for further capacity scaling, it becomes clear that tapping into the spatial dimension is the only long-term scalable solution to overcome the looming optical network capacity crunch. As such, space-division multiplexing (SDM) is bound to become an important optical networking technology over the next decade. Integration of SDM components will be key in reducing cost, footprint, and energy consumption, while integration-induced crosstalk may be compensated through the use of digital signal processing similar to that of vectoring used in digital subscriber lines (DSL) or multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) techniques used in long-term evolution (LTE) wireless systems.
TL;DR: The analysis of the measured transmission spectra suggests three contributions to the observed crosstalks, with the dominant cause being a compromised input-coupling at the directional couplers in the multiplexer.
Abstract: We demonstrate silicon nitride mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) using asymmetrical directional couplers and microring resonators. Our experiments reveal three-mode multiplexing and demultiplexing. We demonstrate 30Gb/s open eye diagrams with an extinction ratio of ~9 dB for each of the three modes. We observe the worst-case modal crosstalk of ~-10 dB. Our analysis of the measured transmission spectra suggests three contributions to the observed crosstalks, with the dominant cause being a compromised input-coupling at the directional couplers in the multiplexer.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an analytical framework for evaluating the capacity and delay performance of a wide range of routing algorithms in converged fiber-wireless (FiWi) broadband access networks based on different next-generation PONs and a Gigabit-class multiradio multichannel WLAN-mesh front end.
Abstract: Current Gigabit-class passive optical networks (PONs) evolve into next-generation PONs, whereby high-speed Gb/s time division multiplexing (TDM) and long-reach wavelength-broadcasting/routing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) PONs are promising near-term candidates. On the other hand, next-generation wireless local area networks (WLANs) based on frame aggregation techniques will leverage physical-layer enhancements, giving rise to Gigabit-class very high throughput (VHT) WLANs. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework for evaluating the capacity and delay performance of a wide range of routing algorithms in converged fiber-wireless (FiWi) broadband access networks based on different next-generation PONs and a Gigabit-class multiradio multichannel WLAN-mesh front end. Our framework is very flexible and incorporates arbitrary frame size distributions, traffic matrices, optical/wireless propagation delays, data rates, and fiber faults. We verify the accuracy of our probabilistic analysis by means of simulation for the wireless and wireless-optical-wireless operation modes of various FiWi network architectures under peer-to-peer, upstream, uniform, and nonuniform traffic scenarios. The results indicate that our proposed optimized FiWi routing algorithm (OFRA) outperforms minimum (wireless) hop and delay routing in terms of throughput for balanced and unbalanced traffic loads, at the expense of a slightly increased mean delay at small to medium traffic loads.
TL;DR: In this article, a W-band seamlessly integrated fiber-wireless-fiber transmission system enabled by photonic millimeter-wave generation and demodulation techniques is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.
Abstract: We propose and experimentally demonstrate a W-band seamlessly integrated fiber-wireless-fiber transmission system enabled by photonic millimeter-wave generation and demodulation techniques, in which up to 128-Gb/s (16-Gbd) polarization division multiplexing 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) signal can be first transmitted over 50-km single-mode fiber-28 (SMF-28), then delivered over 1-m × 2 multiple-input multiple-output wireless link at 100 GHz and finally transmitted over another 50-km SMF-28 with a bit-error ratio less than the third-generation soft-decision forward-error-correction threshold of 2 × 10
-2
. The proposed system can be well compatible with high-level QAM and is suited to large-capacity high-spectral-efficiency fiber-wireless integration communication.
TL;DR: Recent advances in the generation, detection, and transmission of optical superchannels with channel data rates on the order of terabits per second (Tb/s) are reviewed.
Abstract: Digital signal processing (DSP) combined with coherent detection has played a central role in the recent capacity expansion of optical networks. Optical superchannels aim to increase per-channel interface rates as well as per-fiber capacities of wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) systems in a cost-effective manner. Superchannels circumvent the electronic bottleneck via optical parallelism and provide high-per-channel data rates and better spectral utilization, especially in transparent optical mesh networks. This article reviews recent advances in the generation, detection, and transmission of optical superchannels with channel data rates on the order of terabits per second (Tb/s). Enabling DSP techniques such as Nyquist-WDM, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), software-defined modulation and detection, advanced coding, and joint DSP among the superchannel constituents are presented. Future prospects of DSP techniques for high-capacity superchannel transmission are also discussed.
TL;DR: A novel hybrid time-frequency adaptive equalization algorithm based on a combination of frequency domain equalization (FDE) and decision-directed least mean square (DD-LMS) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in a Nyquist single carrier visible light communication (VLC) system.
Abstract: In this paper, a novel hybrid time-frequency adaptive equalization algorithm based on a combination of frequency domain equalization (FDE) and decision-directed least mean square (DD-LMS) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in a Nyquist single carrier visible light communication (VLC) system. Adopting this scheme, as well with 512-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (512-QAM) and wavelength multiplexing division (WDM), an aggregate data rate of 4.22-Gb/s is successfully achieved employing a single commercially available red-green-blue (RGB) light emitting diode (LED) with low bandwidth. The measured Q-factors for 3 wavelength channels are all above the Q-limit. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest data rate ever achieved by employing a commercially available RGB-LED.
TL;DR: Results from the first field-trial of a quantum-secured DWDM transmission system are presented, in which quantum key distribution (QKD) is combined with 4 × 10 Gb/s encrypted data and transmitted simultaneously over 26 km of field installed fiber.
Abstract: We present results from the first field-trial of a quantum-secured DWDM transmission system, in which quantum key distribution (QKD) is combined with 4 × 10 Gb/s encrypted data and transmitted simultaneously over 26 km of field installed fiber. QKD is used to frequently refresh the key for AES-256 encryption of the 10 Gb/s data traffic. Scalability to over 40 DWDM channels is analyzed.
TL;DR: Three-dimensional integrated mode couplers operating in the C-band are designed and fabrication and shown to allow for the multiplexing of the LP11a and LP11b spatial modes of an optical fiber, respectively, with excellent mode extinction ratios.
Abstract: We report the design and fabrication of three-dimensional integrated mode couplers operating in the C-band. These mode-selective couplers were inscribed into a boro-aluminosilicate photonic chip using the femtosecond laser direct-write technique. Horizontally and vertically written two-core couplers are shown to allow for the multiplexing of the LP11a and LP11b spatial modes of an optical fiber, respectively, with excellent mode extinction ratios (25-37 + dB) and low loss (~1 dB) between 1500 and 1580 nm. Furthermore, optimized fabrication parameters enable coupling ratios close to 100%. When written in sequence, the couplers allow for the multiplexing of all LP01, LP11a and LP11b modes. This is also shown to be possible using a single 3-dimensional three-core coupler. These integrated mode couplers have considerable potential to be used in mode-division multiplexing for increasing optical fiber capacity. The three-dimensional capability of the femtosecond direct-write technique provides the versatility to write linear cascades of such two- and three-core couplers into a single compact glass chip, with arbitrary routing of waveguides to ensure a small footprint. This technology could be used for high-performance, compact and cost-effective multiplexing of large numbers of modes of an optical fiber.
TL;DR: In this article, the impact and possible mitigation of interchannel nonlinearity in single-polarization wavelength-division multiplexing systems were investigated, both analytically and by simulation, the achievable information rate for a Gaussian-modulated channel surrounded by Gaussian or constant-envelope modulated channels.
Abstract: The impact and possible mitigation of interchannel nonlinearity is investigated in single-polarization wavelength-division multiplexing systems by evaluating, both analytically and by simulation, the achievable information rate for a Gaussian-modulated channel surrounded by Gaussian- or constant-envelope-modulated channels. Different number of channels, link configurations, and mitigation strategies are considered. It turns out that a Kalman equalizer can be effective in the ideal case of distributed amplification but fails for practical systems with long spans and lumped amplification.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the first demonstration of combined WDM and MDM optical transmission in a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBGF), which showed an absence of surface modes and low modal crosstalk.
Abstract: We present the first demonstration of combined wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) and mode-division multiplexed (MDM) optical transmission in a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBGF). For this purpose a novel low loss, broadband 310 m long HC-PBGF with a 37 cell (37c) core geometry is used. The modal properties of the HC-PBGF are characterized in detail, showing an absence of surface modes and low modal crosstalk, which enable WDM and MDM transmission with record high capacity (73.7 Tb/s) for a HC-PBGF. Several modulation formats have been tested, showing very good and stable performance. The transmission properties are assessed by looking into both single-mode transmission and MDM transmission, showing good agreement with the modal characterization of the 37c HC-PGBF.
24 Nov 2014
TL;DR: By exploiting N-dimensional multiplexing, i.e. 54.139 Gbit/s OFDM-8QAM signals over 368 WDM pol-muxed 26 orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, a free-space data link with an aggregate transmission capacity of 1.036 Pbit/S and a high spectral efficiency of 112.6 bit/s/Hz was demonstrated in this article.
Abstract: By exploiting N-dimensional multiplexing, i.e. 54.139-Gbit/s OFDM-8QAM signals over 368 WDM pol-muxed 26 orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, we experimentally demonstrate a free-space data link with an aggregate transmission capacity of 1.036 Pbit/s and a high spectral efficiency of 112.6 bit/s/Hz.
20 Nov 2014
TL;DR: The target RSCA problem is divided into the routing and SCA problems, and K-shortest path based pre-computation method is introduced as the routing solution and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is evaluated.
Abstract: Elastic Optical Network (EON) is expected as one of future networks in terms of spectrum flexibility. While Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) problem is one of the key issues in traditional Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks, Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA) problem has much impact on network performance in EONs. On the other hand, Data-Center (DC) traffic and/or mobile back-haul traffic keep on increasing. To deal with such forthcoming huge capacity of applications, Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) technologies, such as Multi-Core Fiber (MCF) and few-mode fiber, are intensively researched. From network perspective, this paper focuses on Routing, Spectrum and Core Assignment (RSCA) problem for future SDM-EON. Introducing multi-core fibers makes RSA problem more complex because fiber-core dimension is newly expanded. In addition, physical impairment caused by MCF must be taken into account. In this paper, first, the target RSCA problem is divided into the routing and SCA problems, and K-shortest path based pre-computation method is introduced as the routing solution. Next, according to whether MCF has inter-core crosstalk or not, we propose SCA methods with crosstalk awareness and with prioritized area concept, respectively. Finally, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms compared with representative ones.
TL;DR: For the first time a 10 Mb/s link based on the on-off keying data format with real time equalization on a field programmable gate array is demonstrated on a polymer light-emitting diode based visible light communications system.
Abstract: This paper presents new experimental results on a polymer light-emitting diode based visible light communications system. For the first time we demonstrate a 10 Mb/s link based on the on-off keying data format with real time equalization on a field programmable gate array. The 10 Mb/s transmission speed is available at a bit error rate less than 4.6 × 10−3, which is the limit for forward error correction. At a BER of 10−6 a transmission speed of 7 Mb/s is readily achievable.
TL;DR: A novel technological approach to space division multiplexing (SDM) based on the use of multiple individual fibers embedded in a common polymer coating material is presented, which is referred to as Multi- Element Fiber (MEF).
Abstract: A novel technological approach to space division multiplexing (SDM) based on the use of multiple individual fibers embedded in a common polymer coating material is presented, which is referred to as Multi-Element Fiber (MEF). The approach ensures ultralow crosstalk between spatial channels and allows for cost-effective ways of realizing multi-spatial channel amplification and signal multiplexing/demultiplexing. Both the fabrication and characterization of a passive 3-element MEF for data transmission, and an active 5-element erbium/ytterbium doped MEF for cladding-pumped optical amplification that uses one of the elements as an integrated pump delivery fiber is reported. Finally, both components were combined to emulate an optical fiber network comprising SDM transmission lines and amplifiers, and illustrate the compatibility of the approach with existing installed single-mode WDM fiber systems.
TL;DR: This work proposes a novel optical network model in which QKD systems share the communication infrastructure by wavelength multiplexing their quantum and classical signals, allowing for an easy, cost-effective and reliable deployment.
Abstract: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is maturing quickly. However, the current approaches to its application in optical networks make it an expensive technology. QKD networks deployed to date are designed as a collection of point-to-point, dedicated QKD links where non-neighboring nodes communicate using the trusted repeater paradigm. We propose a novel optical network model in which QKD systems share the communication infrastructure by wavelength multiplexing their quantum and classical signals. The routing is done using optical components within a metropolitan area which allows for a dynamically any-to-any communication scheme. Moreover, it resembles a commercial telecom network, takes advantage of existing infrastructure and utilizes commercial components, allowing for an easy, cost-effective and reliable deployment.
TL;DR: Low-loss and low-crosstalk 8 × 8 arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) routers based on silicon nanowire waveguides are reported and a comprehensive optimal design is designed, showing that a comprehensive optimization technique is more effective to improve the device performance than a single optimization.
Abstract: Low-loss and low-crosstalk 8 × 8 arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) routers based on silicon nanowire waveguides are reported. A comparative study of the measurement results of the 3.2 nm-channel-spacing AWGs with three different designs is performed to evaluate the effect of each optimal technique, showing that a comprehensive optimization technique is more effective to improve the device performance than a single optimization. Based on the comprehensive optimal design, we further design and experimentally demonstrate a new 8-channel 0.8 nm-channel-spacing silicon AWG router for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) application with 130 nm CMOS technology. The AWG router with a channel spacing of 3.2 nm (resp. 0.8 nm) exhibits low insertion loss of 2.32 dB (resp. 2.92 dB) and low crosstalk of -20.5~-24.5 dB (resp. -16.9~-17.8 dB). In addition, sophisticated measurements are presented including all-input transmission testing and high-speed WDM system demonstrations for these routers. The functionality of the Si nanowire AWG as a router is characterized and a good cyclic rotation property is demonstrated. Moreover, we test the optical eye diagrams and bit-error-rates (BER) of the de-multiplexed signal when the multi-wavelength high-speed signals are launched into the AWG routers in a system experiment. Clear optical eye diagrams and low power penalty from the system point of view are achieved thanks to the low crosstalk of the AWG devices.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate high speed optical transmission systems using digital coherent detection at all-electronically multiplexed symbol rates of 80 and 107 Gbaud using two optical subcarriers.
Abstract: We demonstrate high speed optical transmission systems using digital coherent detection at all-electronically multiplexed symbol rates of 80 and 107 Gbaud. At 107 Gbaud, we demonstrate a single-carrier polarization division multiplexed quadrature phase shift keyed (PDM-QPSK) line rate of 428 Gb/s. At 80 Gbaud, we achieve a single-carrier line rate of 640 Gb/s using PDM 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM). Using two optical subcarriers, we demonstrate a 1-Tb/s optical interface and conduct long-haul wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) transmission on a 200-GHz grid over 3200 km of ultra-large effective area fiber.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the energy efficiency of optical OFDM-based networks and proposed a mixed integer linear programming model to minimize the total power consumption of rate and modulation adaptive OFDM networks.
Abstract: Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has been proposed as an enabling technique for elastic optical networks to support heterogeneous traffic demands by enabling rate and modulation adaptive bandwidth allocation. The authors investigate the energy efficiency of optical OFDM-based networks. A mixed integer linear programming model is developed to minimise the total power consumption of rate and modulation adaptive optical OFDM networks. Considering a symmetric traffic, the results show that optical OFDM-based networks can save up to 31% of the total network power consumption compared to conventional Internet protocol over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. Considering the power consumption of the optical layer, the optical OFDM-based network saves up to 55% of the optical layer power consumption. The results also show that under an asymmetric traffic scenario, where more traffic is destined to or originates from popular nodes, for example data centres, the power savings achieved by the optical OFDM-based networks are limited as the higher traffic demands to and from data centres reduce the bandwidth wastage associated with conventional WDM networks. Furthermore, the achievable power savings through data compression have been investigated, considering an optical OFDM-based network.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a nonlinear noise squeezing (NLNS) effect that is achieved by optimized digital electronic dispersion precompensation for the transmission of polarization-division multiplexed binary phase-shift keying (PDM-BPSK) signals.
Abstract: We present fiber-nonlinearity-tolerant transmission of polarization-division multiplexed binary phase-shift keying (PDM-BPSK) through a nonlinear noise squeezing (NLNS) effect that is achieved by optimized digital electronic dispersion precompensation. With the improved nonlinear tolerance, a 406.6-Gb/s superchannel consisting of eight 37.5-GHz-spaced 32-Gbaud Nyquist-filtered PDM-BPSK signals is transmitted over a 12800-km (160 × 80-km) EDFA-only amplified dispersion-unmanaged nonzero-dispersion-shifted fiber link. We establish a connection between the beneficial NLNS effect and the recently reported phase-conjugated twin wave (PCTW) concept and further generalize the PCTW concept to vector twin waves that are traveling through a fiber link along orthogonal dimensions such as time and space. Moreover, we apply the PCTW concept to wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) superchannel transmission by treating the entire WDM superchannel as a twin wave to further mitigate interchannel nonlinear effects. Through numerical simulations, we show that the generalized PCTW technique can effectively mitigate interchannel nonlinear impairments, in addition to mitigating intrachannel nonlinear impairments.