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Showing papers on "Waveplate published in 1985"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using the theory of magnetic x-ray scattering, the possibilities for employing inelastic scattering to probe the magnetic properties of condensed matter systems were discussed in this paper, where the interference between the nonmagnetic (Compton) and magnetic scattering arising from the use of circularly polarized x-rays is absolutely essential in such experiments.
Abstract: Using the theory of magnetic x‐ray scattering we will discuss the possibilities for employing inelastic scattering to probe the magnetic properties of condensed matter systems. In particular, we will show how the interference between the nonmagnetic (Compton) and magnetic scattering arising from the use of circularly polarized x‐rays is absolutely essential in such experiments. The very beautiful preliminary experiments by Sakai and Ono on Fe which use circularly polarized Mossbauer γ rays will be discussed. They already show the sensitivity of the technique to the ‘‘magnetic form factor.’’ In addition we will consider the physics of a unique quarter wave plate employed in obtaining circularly polarized x rays, and discuss the implications of this advance for doing such experiments on existing synchrotron x‐ray sources.

14 citations


Patent
Robert L. Hubbard1
18 Nov 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, an optical filter is constructed of a nematic liquid crystal cell wherein the liquid crystal material is linearly aligned and molecules of a dichroic or pleochroic dye are absorbed therein.
Abstract: An optical filter having variable transmission characteris­ tics and application therefor. An optical filter is constructed of a nematic liquid crystal cell wherein the liquid crystal material is linearly aligned and molecules of a dichroic or pleochroic dye are absorbed therein. A voltage selected from within a pre­ determined range is applied to the cell electrodes to select a predetermined contrast characteristic from within a corre­ sponding continuous range. The filter is placed in front of a dis­ play device to control the light emitted therefrom. Two or more such filters are stacked with different alignment directions so as to increase the contrast range. A quarter wave plate is placed in back of the filter to produce a variable circular polariz­ er. A quarter wave plate is placed between the filter and the dis­ play screen to reduce glare by producing attenuation of exter­ nal light as it impinges on and is reflected back through the filter.

9 citations


Patent
29 Jul 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to detect magnetic characteristics of each section of a magnetic head, by reading out change in magnetization inside a magnetic substance layer by means of Kerr effect in such a way that the surface of the magnetic layer is formed so that light is reflected by the surface and an optical beam such as laser beam, etc., is introduced to the reflecting section, and then, the reflecting light of the optical beam is photoelectrically detected.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To detect magnetic characteristics of each section of a magnetic head, by reading out change in magnetization inside a magnetic substance layer by means of Kerr effect in such a way that the surface of the magnetic substance layer is formed so that light is reflected by the surface and an optical beam, such as laser beam, etc., is introduced to the reflecting section, and then, the reflecting light of the optical beam is photoelectrically detected. CONSTITUTION:A reflected light beam 1C is received by a photodetector 20 of photomultiplier, etc., through a collimator lens 7, 1/4 wave plate 8, and analyzer 9. When the output of the photodetector 20 is inputted into the Y-axis side input of an oscilloscope 21 and the output current of a high frequency testing signal generating circuit 6 is fetched as a voltage through a reference resistance 6A and inputted into the X-axis side input, the dynamic magnetic characteristic curve 22 of a section to be inspected is displayed on the oscilloscope 21. Therefore, the magnetic characteristic of an optional minute section of an optical magnetic pole of a wafer 10 can be inspected.

5 citations


Patent
15 Feb 1985
TL;DR: In this article, a 1/2 wavelength plate is placed between the first and the second polarization planes of the optical fiber 6-b to adjust the direction of an incident light.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To execute a coincidence adjustment of a polarization direction with a high accuracy by placing a 1/2 wavelength plate so as to be rotatable between the first and the second polarization plane maintaining optical fibers. CONSTITUTION:When plugs 7-a, b is inserted into a sleeve 10 of an adaptor, an emitted light of the first polarization plane maintaining optical fiber 6-2 is coupled with the second polarization plane optical fiber 6-b. As for a 1/2 wavelength plate 11, when its optical axis and a linearly polarized light direction of an incident light make an angle theta, a linearly polarized light direction of an emitted light is rotated by 2theta. Therefore, when the linearly polarized light direction from the first polarization plane maintaining optical fiber 6-a does not coincide with a polarization axis of th second polarization plane maintaining optical fiber 6-b, a linearly polarized light maintaining coincided with the polarization axis of the polarization plane maintaining optical fiber 6-b can be coupled with the polarization plane maintaining optical fiber 6-b by rotating a rotary frame 13. In this case, the adjustment can be executed easily by observing the quantity of light and the polarization plane of the emitted light of the other end of the polarization plane maintaining optical fiber 6-b.

4 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The theory of magnetic X-ray scattering is used in this article to discuss the possibilities for employing inelastic scattering to probe the magnetic properties of condensed matter systems, and it is shown how the interference between the nonmagnetic (Compton) and magnetic scattering arising from the use of circularly polarized X-rays is absolutely essential in such experiments.
Abstract: The theory of magnetic X-ray scattering is used to discuss the possibilities for employing inelastic scattering to probe the magnetic properties of condensed matter systems. In particular, it is shown how the interference between the nonmagnetic (Compton) and magnetic scattering arising from the use of circularly polarized X-rays is absolutely essential in such experiments. The very beautiful preliminary experiments by Sakai and Ono (1976) on Fe which use circularly polarized Moessbauer gamma-rays will be discussed. They already show the sensitivity of the technique to the magnetic form factor. In addition, the physics of a unique quarter wave plate employed in obtaining circularly polarized X-rays is considered, and the implications of this advance for doing such experiments on existing synchrotron X-ray sources are discussed. 14 references.

3 citations


Patent
20 Nov 1985
TL;DR: In this article, a method of combining and separating two light beams, e.g. in an image reading and recording optical scanning system, comprises combining a linearly polarized light beam (1A) having the plane of polarization in one direction (a) with linearly polarizing light beams (1B) having a plane of polarizing in an orthogonal direction (b) by a polarization beam splitter (3).
Abstract: A method of combining and separating two light beams, e.g. in an image reading and recording optical scanning system, comprises combining a linearly polarized light beam (1A) having the plane of polarization in one direction (a) with a linearly polarized light beam (1B) having the plane of polarization in an orthogonal direction (b) by a polarization beam splitter (3). The composite light beam (1AB) is then separated into the original two light beams by another beam splitter (8). Before the composite light beam is separated by the beam splitter, the planes of polarization are rotated or corrected by wave plate (4) so that one of the planes of polarization (b) is perpendicular to the other (b) and to the face of the beam splitter (8), so that the two light beams can be fully separated by the beam splitter (8). The correction or rotation of the planes of polarization may be conducted before (Fig. 2) or after (as shown) the two light beams are combined together by the first beam splitter (3).

2 citations


A. Dollfus1
01 May 1985
TL;DR: The solar birefringent filter (Filter Polarisiant Solaire Selectif FPSS) of Meudon Observatory is presently located at the focus of a solar refractor with a 28 cm lens directly pointed at the Sun as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Solar Birefringent Filter (Filter Polarisiant Solaire Selectif FPSS) of Meudon Observatory is presently located at the focus of a solar refractor with a 28 cm lens directly pointed at the Sun It produces a diffraction limited image without instrumental polarization and with a spectral resolution of 46,000 in a field of 6 arc min diameter The instrument is calibrated for absolute Doppler velocity measurements and is presently used for quantitative imagery of the radial velocity motions in the photosphere The short period oscillations are recorded Work of adapting the instrument for the imagery of the solar surface in the Stokes parameters is discussed The first polarizer of the birefringent filter, with a reference position angle 0 deg, is associated with a fixed quarter wave plate at +45 deg A rotating quarter wave plate is set at 0 deg and can be turned by incremented steps of exactly +45 deg Another quarter wave plate also initially set at 0 deg is simultaneously incremented by -45 deg but only on each even step of the first plate A complete cycle of increments produces images for each of the 6 parameters I + or - Q, I + or - U and I + or - V These images are then subtracted by pairs to produce a full image in the three Stokes parameters Q, U and V With proper retardation tolerance and positioning accuracy of the quarter wave plates, the cross talk between the Stokes parameters was calculated and checked to be minimal

1 citations


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the authors defined the intensity differential scattering (CIDS) as the amount of light scattered when the incident beam is left circularly polarized minus that scattered when it is right cyclically polarized.
Abstract: Biological macromolecules are asymmetric structures. As such, they interact differently with left and right circularly polarized light. Circular dichroism (CD), the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized light, probes changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of molecules in solution. Circular intensity differential scattering (CIDS), which is the differential scattering of left and right circularly polarized light, probes the higher order structure of macromolecular aggregates [1,2]. CIDS is given as the amount of light scattered when the incident beam is left circularly polarized minus that scattered when the incident beam is right circularly polarized, divided by the total amount of light scattered by the object, in our case a virus or bacterium

1 citations


Patent
26 Mar 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, a titled mechanism consisting of a polarizing plate 1, a quarter wave plate 2, a lens 3 formed of a transparent magnetic material and an exciting coil 4 was used to enable control of a focal length without the aid of a mechanical method.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable control of a focal length without the aid of a mechanical method by using a Faraday effect that can be seen with a transparent magnetic material. CONSTITUTION:A titled mechanism consists of a polarizing plate 1, a quarter- wave plate 2, a lens 3 formed of a transparent magnetic material and an exciting coil 4. The light made incident thereto from the left side is polarized to linearly polarized light by the plate 1 and is thereafter polarized to circularly polarized light by the plate 2. The refractive index of the lens 3 for the circularly polarized light is controlled by the coil 4. The focal position is consequently controlled without the aid of a mechanical method.

1 citations