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Showing papers on "Waveplate published in 1996"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, a phase profile is imposed on an optical beam as it is either transmitted through or reflected from the phase shifter array, and the imposed phase profile steers, focuses, fans out, or corrects phase aberrations on the beam.
Abstract: Optical phased arrays represent an enabling new technology that makes possible simple affordable, lightweight, optical sensors offering very precise stabilization, random-access pointing programmable multiple simultaneous beams, a dynamic focus/defocus capability, and moderate to excellent optical power handling capability. These new arrays steer or otherwise operate on an already formed beam. A phase profile is imposed on an optical beam as it is either transmitted through or reflected from the phase shifter array. The imposed phase profile steers, focuses, fans out, or corrects phase aberrations on the beam. The array of optical phase shifters is realized through lithographic patterning of an electrical addressing network on the superstrate of a liquid crystal waveplate. Refractive index changes sufficiently large to realize full-wave differential phase shifts can be effected using low (<10 V) voltages applied to the liquid crystal phase plate electrodes. High efficiency large-angle steering with phased arrays requires phase shifter spacing on the order of a wavelength or less; consequently addressing issues make 1-D optical arrays much more practical than 2-D arrays. Orthogonal oriented 1-D phased arrays are used to deflect a beam in both dimensions. Optical phased arrays with apertures on the order of 4 cm by 4 cm have been fabricated for steering green, red, 1.06 /spl mu/m, and 10.6 /spl mu/m radiation. System concepts that include a passive acquisition sensor as well as a laser radar are presented.

689 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that one can in principle generate fields of any integral order P by cascading such elements and devices that generate P = 1 fields are achromatic and can be used as polarization axis finders or as versatile tools for studying birefringent or polarizing materials.
Abstract: Novel liquid-crystal devices are described that generate linearly polarized light with axial symmetry; the beam propagation axis is the symmetry axis. Such light fields can be characterized by a polarization order number P. For example, P = 1 fields represent radially or azimuthally polarized light. The reorientation of the polarization orientation in these polarization converters is due to the twisted nematic effect and the effect of lambda/2 wave plates. A single polarization converter can generate fields of orders 1 and 2. It is shown that one can in principle generate fields of any integral order P by cascading such elements. Devices that generate P = 1 fields are achromatic and can be used as polarization axis finders or as versatile tools for studying birefringent or polarizing materials.

573 citations


Patent
13 Feb 1996
TL;DR: An optical system consisting of reflection birefringent light valves, polarizing beam splitter, color image combining prisms, illumination system, projection lens, filters for color and contrast control, and screen placed in a configuration offering advantages for a high resolution color display was described in this article.
Abstract: An optical system is described consisting of reflection birefringent light valves, polarizing beam splitter, color image combining prisms, illumination system, projection lens, filters for color and contrast control, and screen placed in a configuration offering advantages for a high resolution color display. The system includes a quarter wave plate positioned to suppress stray reflection from the projection lens. The system also includes a second quarter wave plate disposed on the screen and a polarizing film disposed on the second quarter wave plate to suppress ambient light from illuminating the screen and entering the system.

169 citations


Patent
29 Aug 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, a phase difference plate is formed by sticking the quarter wave plate and the half wave plate to each other in the state of intersecting their respective optical axes at a preset angle.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a phase difference plate which has decreased phase differences by wavelengths and has the excellent consistency thereof by sticking a quarter-wave plate and a halfwave plate to each other in the state of intersecting their respective optical axes. SOLUTION: This phase difference plate is formed by sticking the quarter- wave plate (a double refractive film of which the phase difference of the double refractive light is a quarter wave) 13 and the halfwave plate (a double refractive film of which the phase difference of the double refractive light is a half wave) 11 to each other in the state of intersecting the respective optical axes at a preset angle. The halfwave plate 11 and the quarter-wave plate 13 are formed by subjecting high-polymer films to stretching treatments. In such a case, a polycarbonate material which is often used as a wavelength material is selected. This phase difference plate is designed to function as the quarter-wave plate improved in the wavelength dispersion characteristic when linearly polarized light of a perpendicular direction (0 deg. direction) is made incident from the halfwave plate 11 side. The phase difference plate is thus capable of converting the light to nearly perfectly circularly polarized light regardless of wavelengths in a range of visible light.

121 citations


Patent
21 Feb 1996
TL;DR: In this article, a miniaturized and compact polarized light illuminator where an integrator optical system and a polarized light conversion optical system are combined and whose light utilization efficiency is high is presented.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To constitute a miniaturized and compact polarized light illuminator where an integrator optical system and a polarized light conversion optical system are combined and whose light utilization efficiency is high. CONSTITUTION: This polarized light illuminator 1 is provided with a light source part 2 emitting light whose polarization direction is random, a 1st lens plate 3 constituted of plural rectangular condenser lenses whose outside shape is rectangular and condensing the light emitted from the light source so that plural secondary light source images may be formed, and a 2nd lens plate 4 placed near a position where the plural secondary light source images are formed and equipped with a condenser lens array, a polarized light separation prism array 420, a λ/2 phase difference plate 430, and an emitting side lens 440. In a stage where the minute secondary light source image is formed by the 1st lens plate 3 constituting the integrator optical system, polarized light is separated. Therefore, since the spatial spread of an optical path associated with the separation of the polarized light is restrained, the illuminator 1 is miniaturized though it is provided with the polarized light conversion optical system.

71 citations


Patent
28 Jun 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an observation apparatus consisting of a light source for generating light, a separating optical system which splits the light from the light source into two different polarized light beams, and a condenser optical system that converges the two polarised light beams from the separating optical systems so as to respectively form light spots on two different positions on a sample object.
Abstract: An observation apparatus of the present comprises (i) a light source for generating light; (ii) a separating optical system which splits the light from the light source into two different polarized light beams; (iii) a condenser optical system which converges the two polarized light beams from the separating optical system so as to respectively form light spots on two different positions on a sample object; (iv) a polarization selecting means which has a predetermined analyzer angle and selects a specific polarized light component from composite light made of the two polarized light beams by way of the sample object; (v) light detecting means which detects the polarized light component selected by the polarization selecting means; and (vi) phase difference adjustment means which adjusts a phase difference between the two polarized light beams by way of the sample object and guides composite light composed of the two polarized light beams as circularly polarized light to the polarization selecting means, when the sample object does not modulate both phase and amplitude of the light incident thereon. Accordingly, this observation apparatus can detect a phase difference generated between the two light components respectively emitted from both side of a level difference on the sample object.

53 citations


Patent
04 Jun 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, an optical quadrature interferometer uses a different state of polarization in each of two arms of the interferometers, each of which is not subject to any change in polarization.
Abstract: An optical quadrature interferometer is presented. The optical quadrature interferometer uses a different state of polarization in each of two arms of the interferometer. A light beam is split into two beams by a beamsplitter, each beam directed to a respective arm of the interferometer. In one arm, the measurement arm, the light beam is directed through a linear polarizer and a quarter wave plate to produce circularly polarized light, and then to a target being measured. In the other arm, the to reference arm, the light beam is not subject to any change in polarization. After the light beams have traversed their respective arms, the light beams are combined by a recombining beamsplitter. As such, upon the beams of each arm being recombined, a polarizing element is used to separate the combined light beam into two separate fields which are in quadrature with each other. An image processing algorithm can then obtain the in-phase and quadrature components of the signal in order to construct an image of the target based on the magnitude and phase of the recombined light beam.

47 citations


Patent
22 Apr 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, a circular polarization dichromatic optical element having the solidified layer of the liquid crystal polymer consisting of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase subjected to the grandjean orientation is formed.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a circular polarization dichromatic optical element which is thin and light and is hardly changed in an orientation state, such as pitch, at a practicable use temp. by providing this optical element with a solidified layer of a liquid crystal polymer consisting of a cholesteric liquid crystal phase subjected to a grandjean orientation. SOLUTION: The circular polarization dichromatic optical element having the solidified layer of the liquid crystal polymer consisting of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase subjected to the grandjean orientation is formed. A liquid crystal display device constituted by using such optical element for back light system has the back light system 4, the optical element 1, a phase difference layer 2 for linearly polarizing the circularly polarized light and a light source 3. Further, the device has liquid crystal polymer solidified layer 11, 12, 13 forming the optical elements of a lamination type, a light source holder 31, light diffusion plates 41, 44, a light emitting layer 42, reflection layers 43, 46, a housing space 45 and a phase difference plate 7 for compensation. Light is made incident on a liquid crystal cell 6 via the optical element 1 and the phase difference layer 2 for polarizing the circularly polarized light to the linearly polarized light. COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO

29 citations


Patent
Masaru Suzuki1
28 Feb 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, the efficiency of utilizing light for obtaining polarization is enhanced by making at least part of the polarized component available that has formerly been unused, by changing the polarized direction of either the reflected light or the transmitted light.
Abstract: The efficiency of utilizing light for obtaining polarization is enhanced by making at least part of the polarized component available that has formerly been unused. Due to a mutual difference in reflection/transmission characteristic between the s-wave component and p-wave component, the reflected light 205 (s-wave (x 1 %), p-wave (y 1 %)) and the transmitted light 206 (s-wave (x 2 %), p-wave (y 2 %)) have the respective s-wave polarized and p-wave polarized components at a different ratio (x 1 ≠x 2 , y 1 ≠y 2 ). By further changing the ratio of s-wave polarized and p-wave components by means 213 for changing the polarized direction of either the reflected light 205 or the transmitted light 206, and changing the course of light by means 212 for changing the traveling direction of light into such a direction as to enable both the reflected light 205 and the transmitted light 206 to be simultaneously utilized, light having a different ratio of s-wave and p-wave polarized components from that of the incident light 204 (s-wave (x 0 %), p-wave (y 0 %)) can be utilized.

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a rotating quarter-wave plate was used to measure VCD with a step-scan FT-IR spectrometer by incorporating a stressed ZnSe optical element as the rotating quarterwave plate.
Abstract: A novel polarization modulator design based on a rotating quarter-wave plate and preliminary results of its application for vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) are presented. The device permits quarter-wave retardation in the infrared with alternating senses so that the resultant components of circular polarization can be modulated at frequencies on the order of 100 Hz. We have been able to apply this device to measure VCD with a step-scan FT-IR spectrometer by incorporating a stressed ZnSe optical element as the rotating quarter-wave plate. VCD of α-pinene and camphor were obtained. While these test spectra were of low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), they exhibited the correct VCD spectral features for these chiral molecules. While not yet of competitive, practical utility, this design is potentially adaptable to extension into the far-IR with alternative optical elements, permits variable-frequency polarization modulation, and should be capable of improved S/N with modifications to increase rotation frequency.

21 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a rotatable waveplate with an arbitrary direction of birefringence was demonstrated for the first time, which can be used for polarization control in a liquid crystal cell.
Abstract: We propose and demonstrate rotatable waveplates using liquid crystal for the first time which can be used for polarization control. To realize a waveplate with an arbitrary direction of birefringence, we use a vertically-aligned nematic liquid crystal cell with a lateral electric field. The orientation of the waveplate can be rotated endlessly. It was confirmed that the direction of the waveplate could be rotated endlessly at a rate of 7200/spl deg//s, which is sufficient to construct polarization controlling devices for most SMF transmission systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the polarization memory effect for porous Si excited by linearly polarized light was examined in the general framework of particle shape asymmetry, and the preparation of porous Si with photo assisted etching was found to control the polarization retention parameter ρ.

Patent
19 Dec 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, the polarization conversion element is used to change the polarization state of light incident to the optical information recording medium and reflected therefrom and a polarization diffraction grating, the diffraction efficiency of which changes depending on the change in the polarization states of the incident light and the reflected light caused by the polarized conversion element.
Abstract: In an optical head, light from a semiconductor laser is directed through a condensing optical system with a condensing lens onto an optical information recording medium through a transparent substrate in the form of a light spot. A unit for producing a light spot position control signal and a unit able to move the light spot, which supports the objective lens for movement, position the light spot on an information track. Light reflected from the optical information recording medium is directed through a polarized light branching element to a photo detector. Also mounted for movement with the objective lens are a polarization conversion element, arranged between the optical information recording medium and the polarized light branching element in order to change the polarization state of light incident to the optical information recording medium and reflected therefrom and a polarization diffraction grating, the diffraction efficiency of which changes depending on the change in the polarization state of the incident light and the reflected light caused by the polarization conversion element. The light spot control signal is detected from both reflected light diffracted through the polarization diffraction grating and non-diffracted reflected light contained in the light which passes through the polarized light branching element.

Patent
26 Sep 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of displaying a bright and clean color by combining a light absorbing layer with a polarized light separating reflection plate which has a function to reflect or transmit polarized components to the whole range of visible light wavelength is solved.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to display a bright and clean color by combining a light absorbing layer with a polarized light separating reflection plate which has a function to reflect or transmit polarized components to the whole range of visible light wavelength. SOLUTION: In a voltage-unimpressed area 8220, natural light 8210 is linearly polarized in a fixed direction by a polarizing plate 8201. And then, the light is twisted in the polarizing direction by a specific angle by a liquid crystal element 8202, and passes through a color filter layer 8200 and a diffuser 8203, reflecting on a polarized light separating reflection plate 8204, being twisted in the polarizing direction by the liquid crystal element 8202 by a fixed angle, and is emitted from a sheet polarizer 8201 as linearly polarized light. Therefore, when no voltage is impressed, incident light is not absorbed by the light absorbing layer 8205 but reflected by the polarized light separating reflection plate 8204, and as a result, a brightly colored display is obtained through a color filter layer 8200. Further, when a voltage is impressed, the light is absorbed by the light absorbing layer 8205 and a black display is obtained.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel method based on a polarized optical heterodyne interferometer with a common path feature was proposed and set up to measure the phase difference δ f of the fast wave of the elliptical polarized eigenstate in the directions of the P and S waves in an elliptical birefringence wave plate.
Abstract: A novel method based on a polarized optical heterodyne interferometer with a common path feature was proposed and set up. This interferometer was used to measure the phase difference δ f of the fast wave of the elliptical polarized eigenstate in the directions of the P and S waves in an elliptical birefringence wave plate. The values of δ f are calculated on the basis of the phase difference and the ratio of the amplitude of input polarized light with the accuracy up to 10-3. The measurement results provide evidence of the existence of elliptical birefringence in both λ/4 and λ/2 quartz wave plates.

Patent
27 Dec 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose an elliptic polarizing element which is constituted by arranging a polarized light separating film 1 formed of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer and a polarizing film 3 across a 1/4-wavelength plate 2 so that the polarizing image is arranged in orthogonal Nicol relation with polarized light passed through the polarized image.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the optical element for both reflection and transmission which has a reflection factor equal to that of a mirror surface, etc., and superior light transmissivity. SOLUTION: These are a polarized light reflecting element which is constituted by arranging a polarized light separating film 1 formed of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer and a polarizing film 3 across a 1/4-wavelength plate 2 so that the polarizing film 3 is arranged in orthogonal Nicol relation with polarized light passed through the polarized light separating film 1 and 1/4-wavelength plate 2, and an elliptic polarizing element which has a phase difference film on the side of the polarizing film of the polarized light reflecting element. Consequently, the sunshine, etc., transmitted through the polarizing film 3 is converted through the 1/4-wavelength plate 2 into one of right and left circular polarized lights, and the circular polarized light is reflected specularly by the polarized light separating film 1 to obtain a reflected light in a linear polarized state for the reflection mode of a liquid crystal display device, etc. Then lights other than a vertical light among lights such as a back light made incident on the polarized light separating film 1 are transmitted as elliptic polarized lights to obtain a transmitted light in a linear polarized state for the transmission mode of the liquid crystal display device, etc.

Patent
12 Aug 1996
TL;DR: In this article, an optical switch for switching first and second input beams linearly polarized in the same direction is presented. But the switch is not considered in this paper, since it is not suitable for the use of a large number of input beams.
Abstract: An optical switch for switching first and second input beams linearly polarized in the same direction. The switch includes a first half wave plate optically coupled to the second input beam, the first half wave plate serving to rotate the polarization of light incident thereto 90 degrees. The switch further includes a first polarizing beam displacer optically coupled to the first input beam and the output of the first half wave plate, the first polarizing beam displacer for refracting the first input beam and the output of the first half wave plate to produce a combined beam, the first input beam and the output of the first half wave plate incident to the first polarizing beam displacer displaced from each other a predetermined distance. The switch further includes a controllable half wave gate having a gate input port, a gate output port, a control input, a passive state and an active state, the controllable half wave gate in the passive state passing the combined beam incident to the gate input port through to the gate output port whereby the polarization of the combined beam is unchanged, the controllable half wave gate in the active state passing the combined beam incident through to the gate input port through to the gate output port whereby the polarization of the combined beam is rotated 90 degrees, a control signal present at the control input causing the controllable half wave gate to switch between the passive and the active states. The switch further includes a second polarization beam displacer optically coupled to the gate output port, the second polarization beam displacer for refracting light incident thereto into first and second refracted output beams displaced from each other a predetermined distance upon exiting the second polarization beam displacer, and a second half wave plate optically coupled to the second refracted output beam, the second half wave plate for rotating the polarization of light incident thereto 90 degrees.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the polarization order number (P = 1) was used to characterize the symmetry axis of the light beam. But it was not shown that P = 1 fields can be used as polarization axis finders or, when two of them are combined, as versatile tools for investigating birefringent or optically active materials.
Abstract: Liquid crystal (LC) devices arc presented which convert linearly polarized light into linearly polarized light with axial symmetry. Their symmetry axis is determined by the propagation axis of the light beam. Such light fields can be characterized by an integer P, which we call the polarization order number. Our LC devices are shown to generate P = -2, -1, 1 and 2 fields. Devices that generate P = 1 fields act as azimuthal (A) or radial (R) polarizers or analyzers. Our circularly symmetric polarizers can be used as polarization axis finders or, when two of them are combined, as versatile tools for investigating birefringent, dichroic or optically active materials.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of two experiments which have been used to demonstrate that the Pancharatnam phase is unbounded is presented, highlighting the origin of both the geometrical and dynamical components of the observed phase changes, and clarifying the differences between the two phases > 2π.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a phase retarder consisting of two layers of different liquid crystals (LCs) was demonstrated and the phase retardation does not differ by more than ± 5% from the target value π/2 within a spectral interval of 200 nm in the visible range.
Abstract: We demonstrate a quarter wave phase retarder consisting of two layers of different liquid crystals (LCs). The phase retardation does not differ by more than ±5% from the target value π/2 within a spectral interval of 200 nm in the visible range. These values are comparable to the data for commercial two layer crystalline retarders which are much more expensive, especially if large apertures are required. In order to design the LC retarder we measured the birefringence of the LC within the entire visible spectrum using a published technique which does not consider interference effects due to reflections within indium-tin oxide coated LC cells. We show that these effects do not affect the results adversely provided that the birefringence data are taken over a broad spectral range.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a Se´narmont polarization rotator is used to measure the intensity and polarization orientation of linearly polarized light reflected from a birefringent sample.
Abstract: We describe a polarization-sensitive fiber optic based confocal microscope. Polarization maintaining single mode fibers are used to illuminate a specimen with linearly polarized light. The orientation of the incident linearly polarized light is continuously variable using a Se´narmont polarization rotator. A polarization-sensitive light detector enables the microscope to record the intensity and polarization orientation of the reflected light. The microscope can thus function as a conventional confocal microscope as well as detect rotations of the polarization orientation of the incident light by a birefringent specimen. Lateral scanning of the microscope focal volume is achieved by moving the fiber tip in a reciprocal layout. Confocal operation of the system is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical and measured responses of the microscope to a dielectric mirror, glass slide, quarter wave plate, linear polarizer, and calcite crystal are considered. Images of a birefringent specimen are presented.

Patent
29 May 1996
TL;DR: In this article, a photomask is inspected on the basis of the difference between the polarized state of elliptical light produced upon superposition of two linearly polarized light beams having orthogonal polarization directions and passing through two different optical paths.
Abstract: In a photomask inspecting method, a photomask is inspected on the basis of the difference between the polarized state of elliptical light produced upon superposition of two linearly polarized light beams having orthogonal polarization directions and passing through two different optical paths and the polarized state of elliptical light produced when two linearly polarized light beams are superposed on each other after a target portion of a photomask is set in the optical path of one of the linearly polarized light beams. A photomask inspecting apparatus is also disclosed.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a transmissive ferroelectric liquid crystal display (FLCD) with high performance is presented, which will be operated as an SLM in an optical pattern recognition system using incoherent optical spatial frequency analysis (OSFA).
Abstract: Optical computing and signal processing is a growing field of scientific research and now more and more entering into industrial applications. Therefore, fast switching spatial light modulators (SLMs) are needed for displaying and filtering processed information. In this paper we present a transmissive ferroelectric liquid crystal display (FLCD) with high performance which will be operated as an SLM in an optical pattern recognition system using incoherent optical spatial frequency analysis (OSFA). The layout and the manufacturing process of the display have been designed especially for the requirements of SLMs in optical systems. The matrix is consisting of a square matrix of 512 columns by 512 rows with a spatial resolution of 508 dpi. An additional black aperture diaphragm of 1 mm is introduced around the active area in the switching plane of the FLC. The display is passively addressed with a multiplex driving scheme using the intrinsic bistability of the FLC. Each pixel of the display represents a switchable half wave plate, resulting in binary amplitude or phase modulated pictures dependent on the polarizer settings. Using an FLC with a high spontaneous polarization and a high pretilt at the substrate surfaces, we obtain excellent contrast ratios of 100:1 and a very high switching speed based on a row address time of less than 7.5 microseconds allowing frame rates up to 500 pictures/sec.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A modular three-reflection prism of Si can be designed to function as an in-line (nondeviating) linear polarizer or quarterwave retarder at the 1.30 and 1.55 /spl mu/m lightwave communication wavelengths.
Abstract: A modular three-reflection prism of Si can be designed to function as an in-line (nondeviating) linear polarizer or quarterwave retarder at the 1.30 and 1.55 /spl mu/m lightwave communication wavelengths. Si-related thin films are employed as optical coatings. In particular, a single-layer antireflection coating of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ is used at the entrance and exit faces, and a SiO/sub 2/ film controls the polarization and total internal reflection phase shifts at the side surfaces of the prism. The angular and wavelength sensitivity of these proposed Si-based polarization optical elements is also considered.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a magneto-optic Kerr effect system for the measurement of magnetization in thin ferromagnetic layers based on a photoelastic modulator is described.
Abstract: A magneto‐optic Kerr effect system for the measurement of magnetization in thin ferromagnetic layers based on a photoelastic modulator is described. The use of a quarter wave plate allows light with a variable polarization incident on the sample to be used. The polarization of the light as it passes through the system is treated algebraically using a matrix approach. A procedure for determining both the magneto‐optic (MO) rotation presented by the sample and the traditional ellipsometric parameters is described, the consistency of the solutions being demonstrated by experiment. Typical MO rotation versus thickness curves for thin films of Permalloy (Ni79Fe21) deposited on glass for both the longitudinal and transverse field configurations are presented. These results demonstrate that the magnitude and sign (in the transverse case) of the MO rotation is strongly dependent on thickness for films thinner than 200 A.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a high-precision automatized device was proposed to measure simultaneously optical parameters of retarder plates, and linear dichroism and birefringence on any material exibing those effects (natural or induced).
Abstract: This paper describes a new high-precision automatized device to measure simultaneously optical parameters of retarder plates, and linear dichroism and birefringence on any material exibing those effects (natural or induced). As a test, measurements were made on a quarter wave plate, and a study on the dependency of dichroism and birefringence versus magnetic field on a ferrofluid was undertaken.

Patent
Toru Hosoi1
26 Nov 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the first and second surface acoustic wave transducers are mounted on the optical waveguide, respectively, in correspondence with input and output terminals thereof to transduce first-and second-surface acoustic waves.
Abstract: In an acousto-optic filter, a channel type optical waveguide is fabricated on a substrate. First and second surface acoustic wave transducers are mounted on the optical waveguide, respectively, in correspondence with input and output terminals thereof to transduce first and second surface acoustic waves. First and second polarization converters respectively convert only a specific wavelength component of first linearly polarized light excited at the input terminal of the optical waveguide through interaction of the first surface acoustic wave into second linearly polarized light perpendicular to the first linearly polarized light, and only a specific wavelength component of second linearly polarized light obtained by conversion of the first polarization converter through interaction of the second surface acoustic wave generated by the second surface acoustic wave transducer into first linearly polarized light. The first polarization converter has a first interacting region where the first surface acoustic wave and the first linearly polarized light interact. The second polarization converter has a second interacting region, having a length different from the first interacting region, where the second surface acoustic wave and the second linearly polarized light interact.

Patent
26 Jul 1996
TL;DR: In this article, a multiaxis distance measuring device is provided that includes a multi-axis interferometer 14 including a rectangular box-shaped housing 30, a mounting base 32 disposed within the housing, a stage 38 set in a parallelly movable manner via slider 36, and an inter-ferometer body 42 set on the stage 38 via mounting block 40.
Abstract: A multiaxis distance measuring device is provided that includes a multiaxis interferometer 14 includes a rectangular box-shaped housing 30, a mounting base 32 disposed within the housing 30, a stage 38 set in a parallelly movable manner via slider 36, and an interferometer body 42 set on the stage 38 via mounting block 40. Interferometer body 42 is partitioned into parts A, B, C, and D, which have as an optical part in common, a polarization beam splitter 68, which is disposed along the longitudinal direction of stage 38 with its lower side facing a laser entrance hole 62 and its upper side face facing a laser exit hole 64. Part A is provided with only a 1/4 wave plate 70. Part B is provided with a pentagonal prism 72 and a 1/4 wave plate 70 so that its light emission direction is pointed downwards. Part C is provided with a pentagonal prism 72 and a 1/4 wave plate 70 so that its light emission direction is pointed upwards, while part D is provided with a pentagonal prism 72 and a 1/4 wave plate 70 so that its light emission direction is pointed to the side. The device advantageously requires only a single alignment between the optical axis of the multiaxis interferometer 14 and the reflecting target and can measure distances in at least two orthogonal directions.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: McCarthy et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that 3C 265 does not show the alignment effect that is common in distant galaxies: the EELR is not extended along the radio axis.
Abstract: 3C 265 is a high-redshift (z=0811) radio galaxy showing extended emission line regions (EELR) to 50 kpc from the nucleus (McCarthy et al 1995) However, it does not show the alignment effect (McCarthy 1993) that is common in distant galaxies: the EELR is not extended along the radio axis