Weather station

About: Weather station is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1789 publications have been published within this topic receiving 42864 citations. The topic is also known as: meteorological station & meteorological observation post.

Global Climate Model Simulations of North America

Abstract: Previous chapters have concentrated on what observations tell us about the climate of North America and how it has changed with time. Proxy records provide the data for geological time scales, weather station measurements cover the last 150 years or so, and satellite observations are available for the last four decades. This is the first of two chapters on the evaluation and use of computer models to simulate recent climate change in North America and to estimate future climate resulting from emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and land use change. This chapter concentrates on global models; the following chapter focuses on regional models.

Establishing a plant protection advisory service in Austrian vineyards and apple orchards, based on electronic climate stations.

Abstract: In 1995, P.B. Consult established a plant protection advisory service in horticulture and viticulture in Austria. Each client has his own weather station or shares a weather station with another grower nearby. Field monitoring is done using forms and instructions from P.B. Consult, either by staff or by interested growers. For disease forecasts, weather data is collected by telephone on a central computer at 0500 every day. Infection conditions and potential inoculum for weather-driven diseases like Venturia inaequalis and Plasmopara viticola are evaluated by computer. For Uncinula necator, initial infection can be forecast from field observations indicating the presence of flag shoots (carrying overwintered mildew) or from weather conditions favouring ascospore discharge and germination, then further propagation can be predicted on the basis of temperature. There are no simulation models leading to direct advice for insect pests in horticulture and viticulture but, in some cases (Hoplocampa testudinea, Cydia pomonella), cumulative temperatures and temperature thresholds are good tools for reducing the number of field observations and for fixing the date of field observations.

Regression Models for Forecasting Fog and Poor Visibility at Donmuang Airport in Winter

Abstract: A method has been developed for predicting visibility over Donmuang Airport at 07:00 a.m. in winter from surface meteorological observations at 01:00 a.m. and 05:00 a.m. using multiple linear regression. Data from the Thai Meteorological Department weather station at Bangkok International Airport and The Royal Thai Air Force in December, January and February were used. For each month two models were found: one containing all the available surface observations, and one omitting the insignificant observations. The model forecast consists of the probabilities of fog, poor visibility, and good visibility, respectively.

Extreme weather events in northeastern New Brunswick (Canada) for the period 1950–2012: Comparison of newspaper archive and weather station data

Abstract: In the context of global warming, changes in extreme weather and climate events are expected, particularly those associated with changes in temperature and precipitation regimes and those that will affect coastal areas. The main objectives of this study were to establish the number of extreme events that have occurred in northeastern New Brunswick, Canada in recent history, and to determine whether their occurrence has increased. By using archived regional newspapers and data from three meteorological stations in a national network, the frequency of extreme events in the study area was established for the time period 1950–2012. Of the 282 extreme weather events recorded in the newspaper archives, 70% were also identified in the meteorological time series analysis. The discrepancy might be explained by the synergistic effect of co-occurring non-extreme events, and increased vulnerability over time, resulting from more people and infrastructure being located in coastal hazard zones. The Mann Kendall and Pettitt statistical tests were used to identify trends and the presence of break points in the weather data time series. Results indicate a statistically significant increase in average temperatures and in the number of extreme events, such as extreme hot days, as well as an increase in total annual and extreme precipitation. A significant decrease in the number of frost-free days and extreme cold days was also found, in addition to a decline in the number of dry days.

Improvement of Michigan climatic files in pavement ME design.

Abstract: Climatic inputs have a great influence on Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) design results of flexible and rigid pavements. Currently the state of Michigan has 24 climatic files embedded in Pavement ME Design (PMED), but several limitations have been identified. First, five of the climatic files cannot be directly utilized because of an entire month of missing data. These missing data should be filled properly. Second, the 24 weather stations in Michigan are not uniformly distributed geographically, with some regions poorly represented. It is desirable to add new weather stations for these gap regions. Third, existing climatic files for Michigan have not been updated since 2006. A longer climatic data length can better represent the long-term climatic conditions, so it is recommended that the data length of existing climatic files be extended. This study aims to improve the climatic files in Michigan for PMED. To achieve this goal, quantity and quality checks of the existing 24 climatic files were conducted to find out the potential missing data and erroneous data. Procedures for filling the missing data and correcting the erroneous data were proposed as well. The sensitivity of PMED design performance to weather station variation in Michigan, the five individual climatic variables, and the depth to ground water table was investigated. Two traffic levels (heavy and medium) and two pavement types (flexible and rigid) were used for the sensitivity analysis. Typical traffic load spectra, pavement structures and materials in Michigan were incorporated as well. Additional weather data from the Automated Surface Observation Systems (ASOS) and Michigan Road Weather Information System (RWIS) were investigated as potential sources to add new weather stations in gap regions and to extend the existing climatic files. Quantity and quality checks on both data sources were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of application in PMED. It was found the ASOS data and the existing climatic data are from the same historical data records. Fifteen additional weather stations were added to fill the gap regions using the ASOS data. In addition, all the existing climatic files have been extended from Feb. 2006 to Dec. 2014. Finally, climatic zones based on pavement design results and multiple climatic variables for Michigan were preliminarily investigated. Fifteen climate zones were established for Michigan based on pavement surface temperatures and distress predictions.