Weather station

About: Weather station is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1789 publications have been published within this topic receiving 42864 citations. The topic is also known as: meteorological station & meteorological observation post.

Neural Networks for Short Term Wind Speed Prediction

Abstract: Predicting short term wind speed is essential in order to prevent systems in-action from the effects of strong winds. It also helps in using wind energy as an alternative source of energy, mainly for Electrical power generation. Wind speed prediction has applications in Military and civilian fields for air traffic control, rocket launch, ship navigation etc. The wind speed in near future depends on the values of other meteorological variables, such as atmospheric pressure, moisture content, humidity, rainfall etc. The values of these parameters are obtained from a nearest weather station and are used to train various forms of neural networks. The trained model of neural networks is validated using a similar set of data. The model is then used to predict the wind speed, using the same meteorological information. This paper reports an Artificial Neural Network model for short term wind speed prediction, which uses back propagation algorithm. Keywords—Short term wind speed prediction, Neural networks, Back propagation.

Weather conditions and voter turnout in Dutch national parliament elections, 1971-2010.

Abstract: While conventional wisdom assumes that inclement weather on election day reduces voter turnout, there is remarkably little evidence available to support truth to such belief. This paper examines the effects of temperature, sunshine duration and rainfall on voter turnout in 13 Dutch national parliament elections held from 1971 to 2010. It merges the election results from over 400 municipalities with election-day weather data drawn from the nearest weather station. We find that the weather parameters indeed affect voter turnout. Election-day rainfall of roughly 25 mm (1 inch) reduces turnout by a rate of one percent, whereas a 10-degree-Celsius increase in temperature correlates with an increase of almost one percent in overall turnout. One hundred percent sunshine corresponds to a one and a half percent greater voter turnout compared to zero sunshine.

Influence of local circulations on wind, moisture, and precipitation close to Manaus City, Amazon Region, Brazil

Abstract: This paper presents long-term-derived local wind patterns as well as their role on moisture transport and on spatial/temporal distribution of precipitation close to Manaus City region. In this analysis we used surface weather station data and rainfall estimates from TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) and CMORPH (Climate Prediction Center morphing method). The weather stations promoted information of wind direction and dew point temperature, used here as atmospheric moisture indicator. The 3-hourly average of accumulated precipitation, calculated using satellite estimates (TRMM and CMORPH), allowed to assess the spatial distribution of the rainfall diurnal cycle and how it is modulated by the local circulations. The station data results show that in the daytime, between 9:00 and 18:00 local time, winds away from the rivers are frequent, indicating action of the river breeze. This wind condition transports moist air from the rivers to the Manaus City. Winds toward rivers are commonly observed at night and in the morning, mostly at Ponta Pelada airport station, and are evidence of the land breeze occurrence. These local winds transport drier air from Manaus City to the river regions, as verified at Ponta Pelada station. The evidence of the local circulations and their impact on the moisture transport are more obvious in the dry season. The rainfall diurnal cycle has a spatial tendency varying according to the hour of the day. In the afternoon and in the evening, maximum precipitation values are observed over land, whereas reduced rainfall values are verified over rivers. At dawn and in the morning, the maximum values of accumulated precipitation are found over the rivers, mainly over and around the Amazon River. This rainfall spatial distribution is very likely modulated by local circulations and is much more evident in the rainiest quarter (March–May).