Topic
Weight change
About: Weight change is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11059 publications have been published within this topic receiving 376875 citations.
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TL;DR: Among the newer antipsychotic agents, clozapine appears to have the greatest potential to induce weight gain, and ziprasidone the least, and the differences among newer agents may affect compliance with medication and health risk.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate and compare the effects of antipsychotics—both the newer ones and the conventional ones—on body weight. METHOD: A comprehensive literature search identified 81 English- and non-English-language articles that included data on weight change in antipsychotic-treated patients. For each agent, a meta-analysis and random effects metaregression estimated the weight change after 10 weeks of treatment at a standard dose. A comprehensive narrative review was also conducted on all articles that did not yield quantitative information but did yield important qualitative information. RESULTS: Placebo was associated with a mean weight reduction of 0.74 kg. Among conventional agents, mean weight change ranged from a reduction of 0.39 kg with molindone to an increase of 3.19 kg with thioridazine. Among newer antipsychotic agents, mean increases were as follows: clozapine, 4.45 kg; olanzapine, 4.15 kg; sertindole, 2.92 kg; risperidone, 2.10 kg; and ziprasidone, 0.04 kg....
2,271 citations
TL;DR: Specific dietary and lifestyle factors are independently associated with long-term weight gain, with a substantial aggregate effect and implications for strategies to prevent obesity.
Abstract: BackgroundSpecific dietary and other lifestyle behaviors may affect the success of the straightforward-sounding strategy “eat less and exercise more” for preventing long-term weight gain. MethodsWe performed prospective investigations involving three separate cohorts that included 120,877 U.S. women and men who were free of chronic diseases and not obese at baseline, with follow-up periods from 1986 to 2006, 1991 to 2003, and 1986 to 2006. The relationships between changes in lifestyle factors and weight change were evaluated at 4-year intervals, with multivariable adjustments made for age, baseline body-mass index for each period, and all lifestyle factors simultaneously. Cohort-specific and sex-specific results were similar and were pooled with the use of an inverse-variance–weighted meta-analysis. ResultsWithin each 4-year period, participants gained an average of 3.35 lb (5th to 95th percentile, −4.1 to 12.4). On the basis of increased daily servings of individual dietary components, 4-year weight cha...
2,170 citations
TL;DR: The relations between change in adult weight and the risk for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among women during 14 years of follow-up were quantified.
Abstract: Objective: To examine the relation between adult weight change and the risk for clinical diabetes mellitus among middle-aged women. Design: Prospective cohort study with follow-up from 1976 to 1990...
2,049 citations
TL;DR: The data indicate that clinical and public health programs that result in even modest weight control are likely to be effective in managing SDB and reducing new occurrence of SDB.
Abstract: ContextExcess body weight is positively associated with sleep-disordered breathing
(SDB), a prevalent condition in the US general population. No large study
has been conducted of the longitudinal association between SDB and change
in weight.ObjectiveTo measure the independent longitudinal association between weight change
and change in SDB severity.DesignPopulation-based, prospective cohort study conducted from July 1989
to January 2000.Setting and ParticipantsSix hundred ninety randomly selected employed Wisconsin residents (mean
age at baseline, 46 years; 56% male) who were evaluated twice at 4-year intervals
for SDB.Main Outcome MeasuresPercentage change in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI; apnea events + hypopnea
events per hour of sleep) and odds of developing moderate-to-severe SDB (defined
by an AHI ≥15 events per hour of sleep), with respect to change in weight.ResultsRelative to stable weight, a 10% weight gain predicted an approximate
32% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20%-45%) increase in the AHI. A 10% weight
loss predicted a 26% (95% CI, 18%-34%) decrease in the AHI. A 10% increase
in weight predicted a 6-fold (95% CI, 2.2-17.0) increase in the odds of developing
moderate-to-severe SDB.ConclusionsOur data indicate that clinical and public health programs that result
in even modest weight control are likely to be effective in managing SDB and
reducing new occurrence of SDB.
1,655 citations
TL;DR: Higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with a greater magnitude of weight gain and an increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes in women, possibly by providing excessive calories and large amounts of rapidly absorbable sugars.
Abstract: ContextSugar-sweetened beverages like soft drinks and fruit punches contain
large amounts of readily absorbable sugars and may contribute to weight gain
and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but these relationships have been
minimally addressed in adults.ObjectiveTo examine the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages
and weight change and risk of type 2 diabetes in women.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective cohort analyses conducted from 1991 to 1999 among women
in the Nurses' Health Study II. The diabetes analysis included 91 249
women free of diabetes and other major chronic diseases at baseline in 1991.
The weight change analysis included 51 603 women for whom complete dietary
information and body weight were ascertained in 1991, 1995, and 1999. We identified
741 incident cases of confirmed type 2 diabetes during 716 300 person-years
of follow-up.Main Outcome MeasuresWeight gain and incidence of type 2 diabetes.ResultsThose with stable consumption patterns had no difference in weight gain,
but weight gain over a 4-year period was highest among women who increased
their sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption from 1 or fewer drinks per week
to 1 or more drinks per day (multivariate-adjusted means, 4.69 kg for 1991
to 1995 and 4.20 kg for 1995 to 1999) and was smallest among women who decreased
their intake (1.34 and 0.15 kg for the 2 periods, respectively) after adjusting
for lifestyle and dietary confounders. Increased consumption of fruit punch
was also associated with greater weight gain compared with decreased consumption.
After adjustment for potential confounders, women consuming 1 or more sugar-sweetened
soft drinks per day had a relative risk [RR] of type 2 diabetes of 1.83 (95%
confidence interval [CI], 1.42-2.36; P<.001 for
trend) compared with those who consumed less than 1 of these beverages per
month. Similarly, consumption of fruit punch was associated with increased
diabetes risk (RR for ≥1 drink per day compared with <1 drink per month,
2.00; 95% CI, 1.33-3.03; P = .001).ConclusionHigher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with a
greater magnitude of weight gain and an increased risk for development of
type 2 diabetes in women, possibly by providing excessive calories and large
amounts of rapidly absorbable sugars.
1,528 citations