scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Weldability published in 1977"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of using present transmission lines and developing new resistant line pipe and pressure vessel steels for natural gas storage and transmission is explored, both of which appear possible but simple extrapolation of existing conditions for NGLs is inappropriate, since composition, heat treatment and weldability requirements are more severe for hydrogen transport; pressure vessel Steels are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement and seamless vessels and/or protective liners are required; and high-strength resistant steels must be developed for compressors, valves and related equipment.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a microduplex, low C and N, Ti stabilized composition of Fe-11.5 pct Cr-3 pct Mn has been found to provide a yield strength of ⋍550 MPa, a tensile strength of ≃650 MPa and tensile elongation of 20 pct, a CVN impact transition temperature of-115°C (at 0.33 cm gage).
Abstract: An alloy development program has been undertaken with the aim of identifying an Fe-Cr-Mn stainless steel with ferritic-martensitic microduplex phase balance of sufficient stability to produce moderate strength and ductility, good impact resistance and acceptable as-welded properties. A microduplex, low C and N, Ti stabilized composition of Fe-11.5 pct Cr-3 pct Mn has been found to provide a yield strength of ⋍550 MPa, a tensile strength of ≃650 MPa, tensile elongation of 20 pct, a CVN impact transition temperature of-115°C (at 0.33 cm gage) and good weldability as determined by bend, impact, and intergranular corrosion testing. The alloy possesses general corrosion resistance roughly comparable to T405 and T430 ferritic stainless steels. The impact resistance achieved with the mixture of ferrite and martensite is inconsistent with previous concepts of second phase toughening in microduplex alloys, with the mixture apparently being significantly tougher than either of its components in bulk form.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the relation between the characteristic value "As" at high temperature and properties of joint, where ''As'' is the ratio of the projected area of the indentation to the load.
Abstract: This paper describes the relation between the characteristic value "As" at high temperature and properties of joint, where "As" is the ratio of the projected area of the indentation to the load. The following results were obtained after investigation on joints of Cu, Ti, Ni, Fe, Al (pure metal) and SUS 304 stainless steel.1. Deformation at high temperature depends on diffusion. "As" is proportionate to diffusion coefficient and is formulated by temperature and time.2. When the growth of the welded area does not depend on the shrinkage due to the mechanism of sintering, but mainly on the creep deformation, the properties of joint are determined by the following parameters.(a) Real welded area Ar=As⋅WL(mm2)(b) Joint Efficiency Ej=C2⋅C3Ar/A×100=C2⋅C3⋅As⋅WL/A×100(%)(c) Welding deformation As⋅WL/A≤0.2 ; Dw=O(%)As⋅WL/A>0.2 ; Dw=C4(As⋅WL/A-0.2)×100 (%)WL : welding load (kg) A : apparent welded area (mm2)C2 : constant that is related to the quality of real welded partC3 : constant that is ralated to the distribution and the shape of voidC4 : constant 3. The shrinkage and the elimination of voids on welded area due to the mechanism of sintering depend markedly on diffusion coefficient. 4. Welding process is closely related to diffusion coefficient. BCC metals, such as aFe and flTi, are larger on diffusion coefficient and superiorer on the weldability than FCC and HCP metals.

10 citations


Patent
15 Mar 1977
TL;DR: In this article, Fe-Si alloy containin 0-400 ppm is added in the molten heat resisting cast steel composed each specified amount of C Si Mn Cr Ni Nb and remainder Fe substantially Thereby, weldability is improved without the deterioration of steel cleanliness
Abstract: PURPOSE:Fe-Si alloy containin 0-400 ppm is added in the molten heat resisting cast steel composed each specified amount of C Si Mn Cr Ni Nb and remainder Fe substantially Thereby, weldability is improved without the deterioration of steel cleanliness

8 citations



01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study of the effects of Mn, Ni, Cr and Mo on the strength and fracture toughness of high strength, low alloy steel weld metal in the as-deposited single pass condition was made using a Fracture Mechanics approach.
Abstract: A comparative study of the effects of Mn, Ni, Cr and Mo on the strength and fracture toughness of high strength, low alloy steel weld metal in the as-deposited single pass condition was made using a Fracture Mechanics approach. The levels of C, S and O in the steels studied were typical of those in current commercial practice. The conclusions to be derived from the results are as follows: Within the ranges of composition investigated, neither the strength at ambient temperature nor the fracture toughness of fully martensitic structures in low alloy steel weld metals, vary significantly with alloy content. This lack of variation and an apparent ceiling in strength indicate that, apart from increasing carbon content, any further increases in strength can only be achieved by a mechanism other than solid solution strengthening. A small increase in carbon level might be capable of raising strength further, without significant detriment to fracture toughness. An upper limit on fracture toughness was also observed. This limit would appear to be determined largely by the distribution of inclusions initiating the microvoids, but matrix properties also appeared to contribute substantially to the ease of fracture. Reduction of sulphur and oxygen in the deposited weldmore » metals would be most likely to raise the upper limit of fracture toughness, by reducing the volume fraction of inclusions thereby increasing the strain necessary to coalesce the voids. Increasing the strain hardening capacity of the matrix would also benefit toughness in the ductile fracture regime by reducing the degree of strain concentration in shear bands which was observed to give rise to a zig-zag form of fracture propagation. Nickel was observed to have a small beneficial effect on fracture toughness at temperatures where cleavage initiation was predominant.« less

7 citations


Patent
10 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the weldability of the substrate core by providing a groove for glass in the core insertion hole drilled on the substrate, which can improve the welding ability of the core.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve the weldability of the substrate core by providing a groove for glass in the core insertion hole drilled on the substrate.

7 citations


Patent
07 Feb 1977
TL;DR: Aluminum alloys exhibiting improved resistance weldability are prepared which comprise 2.0-6.0% magnesium, up to 0.40% iron, and from 0.03-0.20% vanadium, balance essentially aluminum as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Aluminum alloys exhibiting improved resistance weldability are prepared which comprise 2.0-6.0% magnesium, up to 0.40% iron, up to 0.40% silicon, and from 0.03-0.20% vanadium, balance essentially aluminum. The alloys of the present invention are particularly suited for automotive metal working applications.

6 citations


Patent
07 Nov 1977
TL;DR: A ferritic stainless steel having improved weldability and oxidation resistance, consisting essentially of 11.0 - 20.0% by weight of Cr, less than 0.10% in weight of C and less than 1.5% of Zr, the ratio of (Zr%)/(C% + N%) being higher than 7 and the balance of Fe, and the nitrogen amount being restricted to less than
Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel having improved weldability and oxidation resistance, consisting essentially of 11.0 - 20.0% by weight of Cr, less than 0.10% by weight of C, less than 1.5% by weight of Si, less than 1.5% by weight of Mn, less than 1.5% by weight of Zr, the ratio of (Zr%)/(C% + N%) being higher than 7, and the balance of Fe, and the nitrogen amount being restricted to less than 0.015% by weight.

6 citations



Patent
13 Jan 1977
TL;DR: Two phase stainless steel having improved high temperature strength, oxidation resistance, anti-thermal fatigue property and weldability as discussed by the authors has been used in the construction of two-phase stainless steel.
Abstract: PURPOSE:Two phase stainless steel having improved high temperature strength, oxidation resistance, anti-thermal fatigue property and weldability.

Patent
24 Feb 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a Ni-saving stainless steel having warkability, corrosion resistance, and weldability comparable to SUS 304 is provided, and it is shown to have better corrosion resistance than SUS 305.
Abstract: PURPOSE:Inexpensive, Ni-saving stainless steel having warkability, corrosion resistance, and weldability comparable to SUS 304 is provided.

Patent
01 Dec 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to prevent grain structure of rolled material from growing larger and to increase toughness in hot rolling of steel containing Mo, Ti, and B, V by treating the steel under specific onditions.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent grain structure of rolled material from growing larger and to increase toughness in hot rolling of steel containing Mo, Ti, and B, V by treating the steel under specific onditions.

01 Jun 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the weldability of an experimental Ni-Cu-Cb linepipe steel designed for low-temperature service was compared to that of a conventional C-Mn X65 line-pipe steel.
Abstract: The weldability of an experimental Ni-Cu-Cb line-pipe steel designed for low-temperature service was compared to that of a conventional C-Mn X65 line-pipe steel. Using conventional weldability tests it was shown that the weldability of the Ni-Cu-Cb steel was superior to the C-Mn steel. Heat-affected zone (HAZ) simulation experiments using the Gleeble also showed that the HAZ toughness properties of the Ni-Cu-Cb steel were superior to the C-Mn steel. It was concluded that the weldability characteristics of the Ni-Cu-Cb steel were good and would meet the welding requirements of pipeline steels for low-temperature service applications.

Patent
26 Sep 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a heat treatment type high tensile steel of low nitrogen content and containing titanium was used to improve the weld crack resistance, which does not generate cracks even if welded without being preheated and does not require the control for lowering H2 in the welding rod.
Abstract: PURPOSE:Heat treatment type high tensile steel of low nitrogen content and containing titanium, of which the weld crack resistance, that is, the property that the weld crack sensitivity index PCM lowers by lowering the C content, is improved and which does not generate cracks even if welded without being preheated and, further, does not require the control for lowering H2 in the welding rod

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the various aspects of weldability as it is influenced by the base metal composition and processing in HSLA line pipe steels and developed consumables for both girth and seam welding the Mo-Nb steels.
Abstract: This paper has reviewed the various aspects of weldability as it is influenced by the base metal composition and processing in HSLA line pipe steels. The Mo-Nb steels meet these stringent weldability requirements. Consumables have been developed for both girth and seam welding the Mo-Nb steels, and the strength and toughness required for severe service can be obtained with consumables of reasonable cost and good operating characteristics.

Patent
12 Mar 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the authors offer stainless steel filler metal and stainless steel-sintered material of high quality whose composition is strictly controlled and which can be easily formed into wires and straps, are low priced in generall and have good weldability.
Abstract: PURPOSE:Offering stainless steel filler metal and stainless steel-sintered material of high quality whose composition is strictly controlled and which can be easily formed into wires and straps, are low-priced in generall and have good weldability.

01 Apr 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, three exceptionally high-toughness Fe-12%Ni alloys designed for cryogenic service were welded using the GTA welding process, and the results showed that they are weldable for the same purpose.
Abstract: Three exceptionally high-toughness Fe-12%Ni alloys designed for cryogenic service were welded using the GTA welding process. Evaluation of weldability included equivalent energy (KIed) fracture toughness tests, transverse-weld tensile tests at -196 and 25 C and weld crack sensitivity tests. The Fe-12%Ni-0.25%Ti alloy proved extremely weldable for cryogenic applications, having weld and HAZ properties comparable with those of the wrought base alloy. The Fe-12%Ni-0.5%Al had good weld properties only after the weld joint was heat treated. The Fe-12%Ni-0.25%Nb alloy was not considered weldable for cryogenic use because of its poor weld joint properties at -196 C and its susceptibility to hot cracking.


Patent
06 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, steel plates for tanks with excellent weldability, restrained growth of rough ferritic crystals, and with growth of superficial bainite structure which can be controlled by addition of Ti, Zr.
Abstract: PURPOSE:Steel plates for tanks with excellent weldability, restrained growth of rough ferritic crystals, and with growth of superficial bainite structure which can be controlled by addition of Ti, Zr.

Patent
05 Nov 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to enhance the strength, toughness and weldability of a low Nb-Mo-Ti type unrefined steel by hot rolling the steel under specific conditions to convert the structure into of fine ferrite.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To enhance the strength, toughness and weldability of a low Nb-Mo-Ti type unrefined steel by hot rolling the steel under specific conditions to convert the structure into of fine ferrite.pearlite. CONSTITUTION: Unrefined steel contg. C; 0.02W0.10%, Si; 0.02W0.35%, Mn; 1.0 W1.8%, Mo; 0.05W0.40%, Nb; 0.01W0.05%, Al; 0.005W0.08%, Ti; 0.005W 0.02%, N; 0.002W0.007%, and optionally Ni<1.5% and/or Cu<0.6% is hot rolled at a specific temp. and a specific reduction ratio according to the Mo and Nb contents to obtain an unrefined high tensile steel with superior strength, toughness and weldability for welded structure. It has more than 65% of ferrite.pealite structure as hot rolled. The above steel to be hot rolled may further contain one or more out of V; 0.02W0.10%, a rare earth element <0.07% and Ca<0.005%, and it satisfies a specific relation among the contents of C, Mn, Mo, Ni, Cu, and Nb. COPYRIGHT: (C)1979,JPO&Japio

Patent
16 Feb 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a Ni-base super-alloy having a excellent weldability and hot workability is obtained by the addition of a small amount of particular elements in combination.
Abstract: PURPOSE:A Ni-base super-alloy having a excellent weldability and hot workability is obtained by the addition of a small amount of particular elements in combination.

01 Jul 1977
TL;DR: The major impetus for development of low-carbon high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels has been provided by the need for higher strength and lighter sections; increased ductility, formability, and weldability; fracture resistance in terms of a low transition temperature and high shelf energy; and for maximum economic use of increasingly scarce raw materials.
Abstract: The Author discusses some of the salient features in the development and formability of low-carbon high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels. Some of the relevant implications of structure properties relationship studies are examined, and various developments in the field of controlled processing are described. The major impetus for development of HSLA steels has been provided by the need for higher strength and lighter sections; increased ductility, formability, and weldability; fracture resistance in terms of a low transition temperature and high shelf energy; and for maximum economic use of increasingly scarce raw materials. The applications in which HSLA steels are being used or envisaged are continually increasing. In structural engineering cold-formed sections are being substituted for hot-rolled products. Increased use of bent, formed, or punched members may be envisaged, and the use of stiffened tubular or monocoque assemblies which require the availability of formable, easily welded, flat-rolled products. In shipbuilding, the weight saving resulting from the use of HSLA steels is a clear advantage, but design stability and corrosion resistance may also be important. However, it is reported that utilization of these steels is some 10-25% of the hull steel weight for various types of cargo and tanker vessels. Order from: BSRA as No. 46,859.

Patent
18 Oct 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a low alloy steel with substantially improved weldability and toughness at a joint part welded, by limiting C to low level, specifying Mn and P at high level, and adding a proper amount of Ti or Zr.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain low alloy steel with substantially improved weldability and toughness at a joint part welded, by limiting C to low level, specifying Mn and P at high level, and adding a proper amount of Ti or Zr.

Patent
16 Feb 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a steel which possesses a good weldability and workability, and can be used in the atmosphere containing a corrosive gas, is proposed to provide a good workability and weldability.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a steel which possesses a good weldability and workability, and can be used in the atmosphere containing a corrosive gas.

Patent
13 Apr 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed to prevent the formation of lamellar structure of cast steel independently of weldability by the addition of low-oxygen Fe-Si alloy, the addition causing a sharp decrease in the amount of oxygen in the steel.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent the formation of lamellar structure of cast steel independently of weldability by the addition of low-oxygen Fe-Si alloy, the addition causing a sharp decrease in the amount of oxygen in the steel.


ReportDOI
01 May 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, the CW-GTAW deposited weld metal exhibited the best balance between strength and toughness and was associated with low levels of Al, S, and O. The as-deposited (last pass) CW-gTAW fusion zone microstructure consisted of dislocated lath martensite, minor quantities of interlath retained austenite, and widmanstatten cementite.
Abstract: : Several filler metal heats, melted to a base composition of 14Co-10Ni-2Cr-1Mo-0.16C-bal Fe (AF 1410 steel) with controlled levels of impurity/deoxidizing elements, were evaluated by three arc welding processes. The CW-GTAW deposited weld metal exhibited the best balance between strength and toughness. Maximum fusion zone toughness was associated with low levels of Al, S, and O. A high purity filler metal composition deposited by the CW-GTAW process resulted in post weld aged mechanical properties of TYS-212 Ksi (1462 MPa), TUS-224 Ksi (1544 MPa), CVN absorbed energy - 43.5 ft-lbf (58.9J), and K(ISCC) - 91 KSI square root of (in.) (100 MPA square root of (M)). The post weld aged HAZ notch toughness exceeded 34 ft-lbf (46.1J) absorbed energy at equivalent FZ strength levels for all the arc weld processes evaluated. The as-deposited (last pass) CW-GTAW fusion zone microstructure consisted of dislocated lath martensite, minor quantities of interlath retained austenite, and widmanstatten cementite. Post weld aging of multi-pass weld microstructures led to complete dissolution of cementite platelets in favor of alloy carbide precipitation and large amounts of reverted austenite at lath boundary and intralath sites. (Author)

01 Jul 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss variability concerns with emphasis on some of the sources of material composition variability which must be controlled to assure reliable performance of welded stainless steel piping systems.
Abstract: Variability concerns with emphasis on some of the sources of material composition variability which must be controlled to assure reliable performance of welded stainless steel piping systems. Integranular stress-corrosion cracking is discussed. SS-312 and 304 were evaluated for BWR use. (FS)

Patent
19 Sep 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a low carbon temper type high tensile steel containing niobium, having more than 60 kg/mm in tensile strength and superior in weldability as a welding construction material, is presented.
Abstract: PURPOSE:Low carbon temper type high tensile steel containing niobium, having more than 60 kg/mm in tensile strength and superior in weldability as a welding construction material.