Showing papers on "Weldability published in 1980"

The effect of molybdenum on high-temperature properties of 9 pct Cr steels

Abstract: Heat-resistant 9 Cr steels with 1, 2, and 3 pct Mo were tested for mechanical properties, weldability, and creep-rupture properties The elevated-temperature and rupture strengths increase with increasing molybdenum content While the 9 Cr-1 Mo steel is martensitic and is precipitation strengthened with carbides, the 9 Cr-2 Mo and 9 Cr-3 Mo steels receive added benefits from precipitation of Laves phase and solid-solution strengthening The latter cause little decrease in ductility and impact resistance The 9 Cr-2 Mo and 9 Cr-3 Mo steels are characterized by a duplex microstructure which aids weldability Weld cracking tests show no need for preheating the latter steels, although the martensitic 9 Cr-1 Mo steel is known to be susceptible to weld cracking if not preheated Both duplex-structure steels have good resistance to stress-relief cracking Anisotropy of mechanical properties, due to the orientation of the duplex structure in the rolling direction, is less than that observed in the fully martensitic 9 Cr-1 Mo steel

Metal-Plastic laminates for Vehicle Weight Reduction

Abstract: A metal-plastic laminate is a formable, lightweight, and potentially low-cost sheet material for stiffness-limited applications. Its advantages include: sound deadening, heat insulation, low forming loads, and compatibility with many existing manufacturing processes. Laminates with steel faces offer up to 70% weight reduction when replacing hot rolled steel sheet. Aluminum faces cost more and offer little weight savings, although aluminum is more cost-effective for replacing cold rolled steel sheet less than 0.8 mm. thick. In replacing steel sheet of intermediate thicknesses, the choice between steel and aluminum faces is that which best satisfies both weight and cost objectives. Other selection factors for laminate face material and thickness include formability, laminate width, and corrosion and dent resistance. Although core material mechanical properties are not important to general panel stiffness, they become influential for certain performance requirements: panel deflection between closely spaced supports, local denting, performance at elevated or low temperatures, and resistance to an aggressive environment. Potential limitations to laminate use include forming severity, weldability, in-plane strength, corrosion, sheet width, dent resistance, and scrap value.

Fundamental impact‐welding parameters—an experimental investigation using a 76‐mm powder cannon

Abstract: A specially designed 76‐mm cannon was used to drive small metal plates (copper, 3.175 mm thick) against metal target plates (steel, 6.250 mm thick) in order to study the fundamental parameters involved in the high‐velocity impact‐welding process. This method of study allowed experimental examination of the influence of each variable separately, in the classical mode. The results of these experiments were analyzed to define the required impact conditions for welding. A line of optimum weldability was identified and shown to be characterized by invariance in the metallic jet velocity. The analysis was also used to identity conditions applying to the transition zone between laminar and wavy interfaced welds.

Ferritic stainless steel having toughness and weldability

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel containing 0.03% maximum carbon, up to about 12% manganese, about 0.03% maximum phosphorus, about 0.030% maximum sulfur, about 1.0% maximum silicon, about 12% to about 26% chromium, about 5% maximum nickel, 0.10% to 0.5% aluminum, 0.2% to 0.45% columbium, 0.03% maximum nitrogen, about 2% maximum copper, about 5% maximum molybdenum, residual titanium, and balance essentially iron. Columbium is present in excess of the amount required to react completely with carbon. The steel has high ductility and toughness in heavy sections and good corrosion resistance in weld areas.

Weldability of Dissimilar Thermoplastics-Experiments in Heated Tool Welding

Abstract: In the welding of thermoplastics, there are various effects that contribute to the adhesion, such as flow processes, viscoelastic contact and diffusion. Where different thermoplastics are welded together, the heat applied has to suit both materials, and this can be done with two separate heating elements. For the different heating required for the two pieces being joined, it would not be possible to fix the temperatures of the heated tools with the viscosities and surface tensions of the melts. Characteristic for the adhesion is the polar part of the surface tensions of the solids. However, during cooling, stresses are formed in the weld zone which means that the ratio of the coefficients of thermal expansion must also be considered when assessing the weldability.

Method for manufacturing high strength rail of excellent weldability

Abstract: A method for manufacturing high strength rail having excellent weldability comprises subjecting a steel rail of specific composition to specific heat treatment conditions at the surface layer portion of the head thereof, to impart high strength to the rail and to assure that the welded portion as well as the welded heat affected zone are free from deterioration caused by the welding process. The heat treatment conditions include a cooling rate which is substantially equivalent to that in a conventional welding process so as to impart high tensile strength to the treated portion of the rail.

Weldability and hot cracking in thorium-doped iridium alloys.

Abstract: Modified iridium alloys containing ≥ 100ppm Th were found to be very susceptible to cracking during gas tungsten-arc and electron-beam welding. However, the electron-beam welding process showed greater promise of success in welding these alloys, in particular Ir–0·3W doped with 200ppm Th and 50ppm Al. The weld ability of this particular alloy was extremely sensitive to the welding parameters, such as beam-focus condition and welding speed, and the resulting fusion-zone structure. At low speeds successful electron-beam welds were made over a narrow range of beam-focus conditions. However, at high speeds successful welds can be made over an extended range of focus conditions. The fusion-zone grain structure is also a strong function of welding speed and focus condition. Weld-metal cracking was found to be caused by the combined effects of heat-affected-zone liquation cracking and solidification cracking. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of the fractured surface revealed patches of low-melting...

Super-hightensile steel

Abstract: PURPOSE: To enhance the toughness, weldability and heat treatability on the superhigh strength level by adding a prescribed amount of Si, C, Mn, P, S, Ni, etc. to Fe. CONSTITUTION: This superhigh tensile steel consists of ≤0.5% C, ≤0.3% Si, ≤0.3% Mn, ≤0.05% P, ≤0.05% S, 10W25% Ni, ≤2% Co, 0.5W4% Mo, 0.5W 5% Ti, 0.1W3% Al and the balance Fe. This steel is heated at the Af temp. or above to form an austenite monophase, and it is cooled to ordinary temp. and subjected to soln. heat treatment. Aging is then carried out at about 300W650°C to further ensure weldability and heat treatability. COPYRIGHT: (C)1982,JPO&Japio

Steel sheet useful as welded can

Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a steel sheet with good properties well-applicable in a can- producing process using an electric resistance welding method, by forming an Ni- plated layer having a specified thickness on the surface of the steel sheet and then a thin chromate film layer on the surface. CONSTITUTION: The surface of a steel sheet is electroplated with an Ni layer at an adhesion rate of 150W2,500mg/m 2 per one side. Residuals on the surface from the Ni plating bath are removed by washing or the like. The steel sheet is then chromated in an aqueous solution of anhydrous chromic acid, a chromate or a perchromate, or these mixture, so as to form a chromate coat of 2W15mg/m 2 calculated as Cr per single surface on the Ni-plated layer. The obtained steel sheet useful as a main vessel for a welded can is excellent in corrosion resistance, weldability, coatability and corrosion resistance after painting, and also unexpensive. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Production of high-strength seamless steel pipe of good weldability for middle temperature region

Abstract: PURPOSE:To produce a titled steel pipe which has extremely high strength at a middle temp. region and permits reduction in the thickness of the pipe by subjecting a seamless steel pipe of a low Pcm value contg. C, Si, Mn, Al and Mo and/or V respectively at prescribed proportions to direct hardening treatment. CONSTITUTION:A seamless steel pipe contg. by wt% 0.03-0.15% C, 0.01- 0.80% Si, 0.50-2.00% Mn, and 0.001-0.10% A, and contg. 0.01-0.30% Mo and/or 0.005-0.10% V is prepared. Further, this steel pipe has the composition of <=0.21% Pcm value expressed by the equation. Thence, this seamless steel pipe is directly hardened immediately after hot rolling; thereafter, it is tempered at the temp. above 600 deg.C and below the Ac1 transformation point. As a result, the Pcm value which is the index for hydrogen crack sensitivity at the welding of the steel pipe is reduced remarkably; therefore, on-site weldability is excellent, and in spite of the decreased C content in the components, the strength extremely higher than that of conventional steel pipes is obtained at a middle temp. region around 350 deg.C.

Manufacture of nonrefined high tensile steel

Abstract: PURPOSE: To manufacture a nonrefined high tensile steel with high strength and high weldability by treating steel contg. a prescribed percentage each of C, Si, Mn and sol. Al as basic components while suitably combining the conditions of heating and rolling with those of accelerated cooling after the rolling. CONSTITUTION: Steel is prepared contg. ≤0.13% C, ≤0.10% Si, 0.50W2.20% Mn and 0.010W0.10% sol. Al (Si+sol. Al≤0.13%) as basic components or further contg. a prescribed percentage each of ≥1 kinds among Ti, Nb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo and V. The steel is heated to the Ac 3 point or above and subjected to controlled rolling making the grains fine, especially hot rolling at ≥45% total reduction ratio in the temp. zone of 850°CW the Ar 3 point under the recrystallization temp. The rolled steel with formed unrecrystallized austenite grains is acceleratedly cooled at 1W60°C/sec cooling rate. Simultaneously with the accelerated cooling, dehydrogenation is effected so as to control hydrogen Hc in the steel at the central part in the plate thickness direction to Hc(ppm)≤1.10-0.005σy. Thus, the desired nonrefined high tensile steel is manufactured. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

High strength hot rolled steel plate with superior stretch flanging property and resistance weldability

Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide the titled high strength hot rolled steel plate especially used for a wheel rim of a car, etc. by regulating the contents of C, Mn, Si and S and forming the structure with 3 phases of a specified areal percentage each of ferrite, bainite and martensite. CONSTITUTION: This hot rolled steel plate contains 0.02W0.12% C, 0.01W1.2% Mn, 0.01W1.2% Si and ≤0.01% S. The structure is formed with 3 phases of ferrite 5W70% by area of bainite and 1W25% by area of martensite. To the steel plate may be added singly or combinedly one or more among 0.01W0.08% Nb, 0.02W0.1% V, 0.01W0.08% Ti and 0.02W0.18% Zr, one or more among 0.1W 1.5% Cr, 0.01W0.2% Mo, 0.1W0.6% Cu, 0.1W1% Ni and 0.0005W0.005% B, and 0.005W0.1% rare earth element and/or 0.0005W0.1% Ca. COPYRIGHT: (C)1982,JPO&Japio

Preparation of composite texture type high tensile hot rolled steel plate with excellent surface property

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare the titled steel plate with excellent weldability and a strength- ductility balance at a low cost by reducing a Si content of a steel as well as controlling cooling after hot rolling. CONSTITUTION:The steel consisting of, in the percent weight basis, 0.03-0.20% of C; <=0.15% Si; 0.3-3.0% Mn; <=0.10% sol. Al and the remainder of Fe and inevitable impurities is subjected to the hot rolling and a final finishing temp. is adjusted to an Ar3 point or more. Immediately, said steel is rapidly quenched to a temp. range of Ar3-Ar1 point at a cooling speed of 20-75 deg.C/sec and, subsequently, gradually cooled over a time of 2sec or more at a cooling speed of 20 deg.C/sec or less within said temp. range. Then, said steel is rapidly quenched again to an Ms point or below at a cooling speed of 20-75 deg.C/sec. If said steel is treated as described above, the high tensile hot rolled steel plate having no stripe like scale scars generated on a surface thereof and a composite texture of a low temp. transformation product comprising either a martensite phase and a bainite phase or both of them and a ferrite phase as well as excellent strength-ductility balance and weldability can be obtained.

Production of alloying-treated zinc hot-dipped steel plate

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain superior formabilitity and spot weldability by subjecting a steel plate contg prescribed amts of C, Si, Mn, P, sol Al and rolled under specific conditions to zinc hot dipping treatment at prescribed temps CONSTITUTION:A steel contg 0002-015% C, =40% draft Next, it is box-annealed at 400 degC-A1 transformation point Thence, this annealed steel plate is heated at 480-900 degC, and is immersed in a Zn plating bath of 420-520 degC bath temps, after which it is subjected to alloying treatment at 520-640 degC for 3sec time

Production of welded joint

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the welded joint part of even mechanical strength at good efficiency even in welding of different plate thicknesses by bending the edge of one or both of the welding works, mutually superposing the folded edge parts thereof, heating the lap part to melt thereby performing bonding. CONSTITUTION:In the case of welding, e.g., a pipe body 3 to a vessel 1, the edge part 6 which is folded to outer side so as to be lapped with the end part to be welded of the pipe body 3 is inserted into the rising flange part 2 of the vessel plate material 1 to be overlapped and a ring-form electrode 4 is disposed to the end face of the mutually overlapped welding joint and the joint may be readily welded by magnetically driven arc. With this method, the welding procedure is easy, the workability is enhanced, and since the folded edge part is thickner than the base metal, the heat balance during welding is easier to be maintained than by conventional methods, thus the bonded part of superior weldability is obtained.

Steel for seamless steel pipe with superior corrosion resistance

Abstract: PURPOSE: To enhance the corrosion resistance of a steel contg. a prescribed amount of C, Si, Mn, Cr, etc. and further contg. a prescribed amount of Co and/or Cu or one or more among V, Ti and Zr by heat-treating the steel. CONSTITUTION: This steel for a steel pipe contains, by wt., ≥0.015% C, 0.10W 0.80% Si, 0.1W2.0% Mn, 11W17% Cr, 0.1W3% Ni, 0.01W0.05% Nb, ≤0.025% P, ≤0.01% S, ≤0.015% N, 0.01W0.10% Al and 0.05W1% Mo and further contains 0.1W3% Co and/or 0.1W1% Cu or one or more among 0.01W0.15% each of V, Ti and Zr. This steel is formed into a pipe, and by hardening and tempering the pipe, a martensite structure is provided to obtain a steel pipe with superior corrosion resistance and weldability. COPYRIGHT: (C)1982,JPO&Japio

Weldability of the New Generation of Ferritic Stainless Steels—Update

Abstract: The 26Cr-1Mo alloys stabilized with titanium and the 29Cr-4Mo alloys have many potential applications in the chemical process industries. There is particular concern about the effect of interstitial content and the titanium addition on weldability, weld fracture toughness, and ductility. This paper discusses the weldability of the new titanium-stabilized 26Cr-1Mo and 29Cr-4Mo (26-1 and 29-4) alloys in various commercially available thicknesses [3.276 to 3.81 mm] (0.129 to 0.150 in.), using matching and dissimilar filler metals, and compares the ductility and impact toughness of these materials with those of E-BRITE 26-1 (a high-purity ferritic stainless steel). Both the gas tungsten-arc and shielded metal-arc welding processes were used. Welds were evaluated on the basis of tensile, bend, Charpy V-notch impact properties, and weld metal interstitial content (carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen). Sound welds were made in titanium-stabilized 26Cr-1Mo and 29Cr-4Mo alloys. It was concluded that welding procedures that optimize gas shielding must be used. Routine gas tungsten-arc welding procedures are not adequate. Because of the high ductile-to-brittle transition temperature and low notch toughness observed in the gas tungsten-arc welds, this procedure is not recommended for fabrication of chemical process equipment from the stabilized ferritic stainless steels in the thicknesses studied. It was found that the welds made with high-purity filler metal were superior to those made with the titanium-stabilized filler metal. The fracture behavior and notch toughness of the shielded metal-arc welds made with Hastelloy C-276, Hastelloy G, and Haynes 25 were satisfactory, and these procedures can be used for fabrication of chemical process equipment.

Manufacture of very thin steel sheet coated with ironn tin alloy

Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve adherability for coating material and weldability of steel sheet, by subjecting the steel sheet to iron-plating and to heat treatment after it has been tin-plated and piror to the electrolytic chromic acid treatment to form iron- tin alloy layer contg. very small amount of residual tin. CONSTITUTION:A very thin steel sheet for use in making cans etc. is electroplated with tin, then electroplated with iron in an amount not larger than 12% of the quantity of plated tin. Thereafter, the sheet is heated to a temp. not lower than the m.p. of tin in order to alloy the iron with tin to form rapidly iron-tin alloy layer low in residual tin content, then the sheet is subjected to electrolytic chromic acid treatment. Hereby, iron-tin alloy-plated very thin steel sheet having excellent adhesive power which resistant to high temp. water, and excellent in adherability for coating material and in weldability is easily manufactured.

Heat resisting cast alloy

Abstract: PURPOSE:The titled alloy, good in the weldability, and strong against the S, V corrosion and the cementation corrosion under high temperature, being obtained from the high Cr, high Ni alloy by saving Cr and Ni, and by adding Nb and Fe. COMPOSITION:By wt%, 0.15-0.25% C, 2.0-3.0% Si, under 2.0% Mn, 35.0- 40.0% Cr, 23.0-27.0% Ni, 0.5-1.5% Nb, and the balance Fe. USE:The heat resisting equipment parts, like as the tube support, the hanger, the reformer tube, the cracking tube, etc., to be used at high temperature under 1000 deg.C in the petrochemical industry and other industrial fields.

High tensile alloyed zinccplated steel sheet

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide the title steel sheet having enhanced workability, plated film adherence and weldability by cold rolling a steel contg. a reduced amt. of C and N and a regulated amt. of Ti added followed by continuous galvanizing. CONSTITUTION:A steel having a compsn. consisting of (C+12/14N) 0.01-0.04%, Ti <=0.3%, Ni <=0.01%, Si 0.1-0.8%, Mn 0.3-2%, P<=0.15%, sol. Al<=0.1% and the balance Fe and satisfying Ti%/(C+12/14N)%=4-18 is cold rolled and passed through a continuously galvanizing line to perform alloyed zinc plating. Thus, a high tensile alloyed zinc-plated steel sheet is obtd. having high weldability, high film adherence and superior workability.

Freeecutting nonmagnetic highhmanganese steel

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a nonmagnetic high Mn steel contg. C, Si and Mn as essential elements and one or more out of S, Pb, Se and Te and having high machinability while maintaining the characteristics of high Mn steel. CONSTITUTION:The free-cutting nonmagnetic high-Mn steel contains C<=2.0%, Si<=2.0% and Mn 7-40% as essential elements and one or more out of S 0.04- 0.20%, Pb 0.03-0.30%, Se 0.03-0.30% and Te 0.005-0.20% as machinability improving elements. This steel has superior machinability, and it can elongate the endurance life of a carbide tool by about 2-4 times and that of a high-speed steel drill by about 5-60 times as compared to a commercially available alloy. In addn., it exhibits superior corrosion resistance as well as high weldability and is suitable for use as a structural material.

Steel excellent in corrosion resistance for use as seamless steel pipe

Abstract: PURPOSE: To offer a steel, useful as a seamless steel pipe, provided with excellent corrosion resistance, weldability, etc., by tempering a high-Cr, low-C, low-N steel to convert its structure into a fine martensite one. CONSTITUTION: A steel consisting of up to 0.015% C, 0.10W0.80% Si, 0.1W2.0% Mn, 11.0W17.0% Cr, 0.1W3.0% Ni, 0.01W0.05% Nb, up to 0.025% P, up to 0.010% S, up to 0.015% N and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities is prepared by melting. The steel may contain 0.1W3.0% Co, 0.1W1.0% Cu or the like, if necessary. The steel is heated in an austenite zone, and quenched. The steel is then tempered at a temperature not exceeding its A 1 transition point, to convert the steel into a fine tempered martensite structure. Owing to this treatment, a steel material, useful as a seamless steel pipe, excellent in resistance to CO 2 gas corrosion and sulfide crack as well as weldability can be obtained. COPYRIGHT: (C)1982,JPO&Japio

A Two-Side Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Product for Exposed Automotive Body Panels

Abstract: The processing, product characteristics, properties and performance are discussed for PAINT-TITE B, a one-side hot-dip galvanized, one-side galvannealed sheet steel product applicable to exposed automotive body panels The critical control exercised over the thermal input to limit zinc-iron alloy growth is described as essential for imparting the desirable coating characteristics Product appearance, formability, corrosion resistance, paintability, and weldability are discussed as related to exposed panel criteria Successful stamping plant experience is summarized

Structure of heating pipe with expanded pipe

Abstract: PURPOSE:To curtail cost as well as raise corrosion resistance by using a two-phase stainless steel time for the part of expanded pipe and also using a ferrite stainless steel pipe for the remaining part. CONSTITUTION:In the heating pipe structure of a chemical apparatus requiring stress corrosion cracking resistance, corrosion resistance, processability, and weldability, a two-phase alloy steel having a 18Cr-5Ni-3Mo alloying component is used for the expanded part 4 inserted into the piping plate 1, and also a ferrite stainless steel having a 26Cr-1Mo alloying component is used for the part 5 requiring the stress corrosion crack resistance and corrosion resistance alone by means of the welding 6. Thus, the heating pipe 2 of expanded part inserted into the piping plate 1 assures an exact and close-contact expansion of pipe because of its excellent processability and also the heating pipe part 5 can exhibit sufficiently high corrosion resistance and stress corrosion crack resistance.

Manufacture of vvtype high toughness high tension steel of good weldability

Abstract: PURPOSE:To manufacture titled steel good in the low temperature toughness at low cost, by preparing the steel composed of respective specified amount of C, Si, Mn, and V, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, at the gamma grain fineness number more than three, and by executing rolling and air cooling under the heating- rolling condition and the limited draft percentage within the transformation region. CONSTITUTION:The steel, composed of 0.05-0.2% C, Si <=0.7%, 0.5-2% Mn, 0.005-0.07% V, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, is prepared at the gamma grain fineness number more than three. Next, this steel is rolled by the draft percentage 30% at the temperature Ar3-900 deg.C; after that, the steel is rolled by the draft percentage 10-60% while the gamma alpha transformation progresses so far as 5- 60%. Then, this V-type steel is coiled while being air cooled or at the temperature lower than Ar1. This method is available especially for the rolling of the hot strip, the thick plate, etc., and besides, can be applied to the rolling of the steel shape (bar), rod, etc. This steel is applied to the high strength steel sheet, especially the line pipe, the machinery structure, etc., for service in the cold district.

Manufacture of tin free steel excellent in painting property* weldability* workability

Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve TFS (tin free steel) in painting property, weldability, and workability, by keeping an electrolyte at small contents of sulfuric acid radical, nitric acid radical, and hydrochloric acid radical, the electrolyte which comprises principally chromic acid and dichromic acid, to form metallic chromium layer, hydrated chromium oxide layer of good quality. CONSTITUTION:A steel hoop 1, the surface of which has been cleaned by electrolysis or pickling, is passed through an electrolyte 9 in a tank 7 by means of an energized roll 5, a sink roll 8. An electrolytic current is applied to the hoop 1 as a cathode and to anodes 6 which face to both sides of the hoop 1. The electrolyte is an aq. soln. of chromic acid, dichromic acid, and their salts, and the quantities of impurities contained in the electrolyte, e.g., sulfuric acid radical, nitric acid radical, chlorine ion, are kept small. On the surface of the steel hoop 1 are formed 0.5 mg/m metallic chromium layer, and 2-50 mg/m hydrated chromium oxide layer per one side of the hoop. The steel sheet fabricated by this method is remarkably excellent in plating property, weldability, and workability.