Westernization

About: Westernization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1154 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15791 citations. The topic is also known as: occidentalization.

The Influence of Foreign Borrowings in Business and Tourist Vocabulary on Student's Lsp Learning

Abstract: INTRODUCTION Development of international business and cooperation, widening of communication boards brought to the borrowing of foreign words, lifestyle and customs. No borders to communicate with people from other countries, the availability of foreign intellectual and cultural resources' exchange, the prevalence of cultural ideals allows every member of society to form their own opinion about different countries and standards of living, as well as to adopt the habits and characteristics. Active expansion of the boundaries of business communication with representatives of different countries, as well as the expansion of interpersonal contacts leads to the borrowing of foreign language vocabulary and influence on the formation of the cultural values of the society. One of the most striking processes taking place at the moment, due to the expansion of cultural exchange and dialogue is the process of westernization. Westernization is understood as the spread of western-European way of life and its borrowing in economics, politics, education and culture (Latouche, 1996). Role of westernization is discussed worldwide and Russia is not an exception. A lot of scientists consider the role of westernization as negative (Polomoshnov, 2015). Even supporters of Westernization, such as the American political scientist S. Huntington (2003) agrees that "if in the early stages of change westernization contributes to modernization; in the next phase modernization causes dewesternization and rise of autochthonous culture>> (Pokaninova, 2014). Special attention is paid to the role of borrowings from the English language penetrating different spheres of life, including the sphere of business and tourism. Recent years are characterized by a large number of scientific works devoted to this subject. For example, Bykova (2000) studied one-word financial and economic terms, borrowed from English into Russian in 90-s of the XX century; Belan (2009) examined the main features of formation of new terminological systems on the material of English and Russian terminology of international tourism vocabulary; Vinogradova (2011) studied English and Russian tourism terminology in synchronic and diachronic aspects. In this paper the authors tried to investigate the influence of foreign borrowings in business and tourism vocabulary on student's LSP learning. The study consists of four parts: the first part is a literature review; the second part contains methodology of the research. The following part contains the results of the research and conclusions. And in the last part the theoretical and practical significance of the work are presented. METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK The study used general scientific and private (linguistic) methods. For the study there were selected and analyzed the most popular borrowed business and tourist words according to free Internet resources. In this paper we attempt to find out how the westernization of Russian culture takes place in business and tourist vocabulary formation. Another aim of our research is to investigate in which cases the lexical borrowings are admissible, and in which they violate the natural order of the native language and begin to threaten its existence. Finally the role of foreign borrowings in teaching business and tourism vocabulary to the students was studied. In our research we referred to the scientific works of Voronina E.B., Sabirova D.R. in the field of professional trainings, cultural aspects of education, international brand's nominations, word building in the field of advertisements to analyze the problems of foreign languages influence on different social areas. A lot of scientific works are devoted to the problem of foreign words borrowings. Many outstanding scientists as Krysin L.P., Tomilova and others worked in this field; however, many questions still require a special study. RESULTS The development of science, culture and business creates its own special words to describe the objects of study. …

Americanization, Westernization, Sinification: Modernization or Globalization in China?

Abstract: China has long embraced the golden mean of the Middle Way, yet, since the beginning of the twentieth century, extremism has prevailed. The Cultural Revolution is a typical example of extremism that was a catastrophe for China. The reform promoted by Deng Xiaoping as of the early 1980s was not only significant on the socio-economic level, but also for politics and ideology, since his attempt to stress both the anti-left and the anti-right was a way of avoiding both extremes. Twenty years of reform have shown that Deng basically succeeded, in the sense that extremist ideology no longer dominates Chinese politics. Yet, as the old extremisms faded, new forms were taking their place. Currently the two most popular extremes in China's ideological spectrum are Westernization and its inverse anti-Westernization, or more concretely, Americanization and its contrary anti-Americanization. In fact, these new extremes have affected politics, economy, academia, education, literature, arts, publishing and even people's habits and daily lives. I would like to highlight a few examples of this Westernization or Americanization that I personally experienced. In 1999, I was invited to deliver a lecture entitled ‘Globalization and its Impacts on China’ for local executives of the Chuyong government, a Minority Autonomous Regional Authority. It was striking in itself to be asked to discuss globalization in an area where the economy is underdeveloped and most people live below the poverty line defined by the state. What was even more telling was that my lecture on globalization was warmly welcomed by the audience and I was asked to present another. One of the topics this audience focused on in particular was the relationship between China and the USA, and China's attempts to become a member of the World Trade Organization. Chuyong is located in a subtropical region that is very good for agriculture. Flowers are one of the major sources of income for the local peasants. There is a wide range of colourful flowers at the market at extraordinarily low prices. I was surprised at the price and was told by my hosts that it was equally low all the year round except February.

Romanian Constitutionalism: Form without Content?

Abstract: century to criticize superficial experiences with modernization in the form of Westernization seems to be once again a realistic description of Romanian – in this case constitutional – reality. The theory indicates a large gap between ‘legal Romania’ and ‘real Romania’, and thus a distance between imported or transplanted constitutional/legal institutions and wider society and its forms of interaction.

The Foreign Policy of the “New Turkey”: Priorities, Challenges and Contradictions

Abstract: Turkish foreign policy making under the Justice and Development Party ( Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi , AKP) rule has been at the centre of scholarly debates since the party first came to power in 2002. Interest to the subject maximised in a way during the 2010s, raising serious concerns over its manifestation in the field – not only in the Middle East, but also in other parts of the world. Contrary to what was initially believed, mostly by Western scholars, the AKP did not shift Turkish foreign policy away from Turkey’s westernization vision. The AKP rather adapted to the changing global conditions of our time, affected by and being in constant dialogue with, the socio-economic and political aspects of the party’s vision of founding the “New Turkey”. The collective goal of the present collection of articles in this special issue is to show how – and in what complex ways – Turkish foreign policy has changed over the years, and discuss the nature of the changes through three distinct themes: priorities, challenges and contradictions.