Topic
Westernization
About: Westernization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1154 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15791 citations. The topic is also known as: occidentalization.
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: Iqbal as discussed by the authors argued that neither conservatism nor modernism was good, and he tried to reinterpret Islamic thought through the principle of Ijtihad, and stressed its dynamic element in it rather than static.
Abstract: In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Muslim countries were occupied by Western powers that came across the local Muslim culture and traditions. The Muslim world at that time was thrown into great crisis caused by the conflict between conservatism and modernism. The conservatives became rigid in their outlook and approach. They concluded that the only way to save Muslim society in the conflict of the West was to stick to the past and guard the old establishment. Meanwhile, the modernists confined themselves to the imitation of the West, and argued for the adoption of Western civilization, so that Muslim could emerge as a progressive nation. While the conservatives stood for rigid adherence to fiqh, the modernists wanted to change the entire law in the light of Western codes of law. Iqbal argued that neither conservatism nor modernism was good. According to him, the conservatives’ approach was unrealistic because it rejects the ontological principle of change; i.e due to a process of continuous change of life, new situations arise and new problems occur. Meanwhile, the modernists’ approach is unrealistic because it has often ended up in the garb of westernization rather than modernization. Iqbal took a balance approach between conservatism and modernism whereby he acknowledged conservatives’ approach which firmly anchored in the Muslim heritage, and the modernists’ approach which tailored to meet the challenge of modern times to maintain the dynamic character of Islam. In his balance approach, Iqbal tried to reinterpret Islamic thought through the principle of ijtihad, and stressed its dynamic element in it rather than static. For Iqbal, ijtihad was the only way to rescue Muslims from the stagnation of thought. This paper attempts at analyzing Iqbal’s constructive approach to the principle of ijtihad, and its significance to contemporary Islam. Keywords: Iqbal; Islamic thought; Islamic law; Ijtihad; Shura DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2014-3602-01
4 citations
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4 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present three ways of becoming modern in the Turkish experience through a reading of the novels of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar, Oguz Atay, and Orhan Pamuk.
Abstract: This study gives voice to three ways of becoming modern in the Turkish experience through a reading of the novels of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar, Oguz Atay, and Orhan Pamuk. The first possibility, represented by the works of Tanpinar, is more conservative and defensive, concerned with preserving what is considered authentic culture. Anti-individualistic, it nonetheless attempts to appropriate Western culture and the change generated by its impact within “the traditional essence.” The second possibility, represented by the works of Atay, is open ended: it reaches beyond the limitations of the Turkish social-historical domain to create a new individual (and implicitly social) existence while remaining critical of Western “individuality.” The last possibility, represented by the works of Pamuk, expresses the dominant concept of “modernization” in Turkey, which equates modernization with Westernization. Individualization comes to mean replication of “Western individuality.”
4 citations
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08 Apr 2013
4 citations
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01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Bilkent University, Istanbul, Turkey, has published a paper called "The Future of Turkey's Political Science".
Abstract: Ankara : The Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Bilkent University, 2001.
4 citations