Topic
Westernization
About: Westernization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1154 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15791 citations. The topic is also known as: occidentalization.
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TL;DR: Staging Growth as mentioned in this paper provides a timely reassessment of modernization theory and its international impact; beginning in the 1950s, the theory of modernization emerged as the dominant paradigm of economic, social, and political develoment within the American foreign policy establishment.
Abstract: A timely reassessment of modernization theory and its international impact; Beginning in the 1950s, the theory of modernization emerged as the dominant paradigm of economic, social, and political develoment within the American foreign policy establishment. Purporting to explain the stages through which all nations pass on the road to industrial modernity, it provided a rationale for a broad range of cultural and political projects aimed at fostering Third World growth while simultaneously combating communism. But modernization theory was more than simply an expression of Cold War ideology. As the essays in this volume show, the ideal of modernization proliferated throughout the postcolonial world and across ideological lines in places as diverse as East Asia, Southern Africa, and South Asia. Indeed, it was embraced by all who shared the American enthusiasm for the increased production and higher standards of living promised by industrialization - enemies and allies alike. Situating modernization theory historically, Staging Growth avoids conventional chronologies and categories of analysis, particularly the traditional focus on conflicts between major powers. The contributors employ a variety of approaches - from economic and intellectual history to cultural criticism and biography - to shed fresh light on the global forces that shaped the Cold War and its legacies. Most of the pieces are comparative, exploring how different countries and cultures have grappled with the implications of modern development. At the same time, all of the essays address similar fundamental questions. Is modernization the same thing as Westernization? Is the idea of modernization universally valid? Do countries follow similar trajectories as they undertake development? Does modernization bring about globalization? In addition to the editors and Akira Iriye, contributors include Michael Adas, Laura Belmonte, Gregg Andrew Brazinsky, Christina Klein, J. Victor Koschmann, and Michael R. Mahoney.
122 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, social identity theory is advanced as a theoretical tool in considering how Chinese understand Westernization throughout history and in contemporary Hong Kong, and how they stereotype themselves and various relevant groups.
120 citations
TL;DR: In the 19th century, financial reforms in the Middle East included the legalization of interest, the establishment of secular courts, and banking regulations, all based on Western models.
Abstract: In the 19th century, financial reforms in the Middle East included the legalization of interest, the establishment of secular courts, and banking regulations, all based on Western models. Exploring why foreign institutions were transplanted, this article shows that Islamic law blocked evolutionary paths that might have generated financial modernization through indigenous means. Sources of rigidity included (1) the Islamic law of commercial partnerships, which limited enterprise continuity, (2) the Islamic inheritance system, which restrained capital accumulation, (3) the waqf system, which inhibited resource pooling, and (4) Islam's traditional aversion to the concept of legal personhood, which hampered private organizations.
106 citations
TL;DR: In the latter part of the 20th century, there were a series of international policy changes in many Asian and Eastern European countries that enabled a tidal wave of international joint ventures and outsourcing as discussed by the authors.
101 citations
10 Aug 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of European and Japanese Internship students using cross-cultural research and developmental psychology to design after-school educational activities in different cultural settings is presented.
Abstract: Biographical Notes Preface Introduction Part I Theory and Methods in Cross-Cultural Research WJ Lonner, The Psychological Study of Culture: Issues and Questions of Enduring Importance P Chakkarath, What can Western Psychology Learn From Indigenous Psychologies? - Lessons From Hindu Psychology M Cole, Using Cross-Cultural Psychology to Design Afterschool Educational Activities in Different Cultural Settings Part II: On the Development of Developmental Theories KE Grossmann, K Grossmann, A Keppler Universal and Culture-Specific Aspects of Human Behavior: The Case of Attachment F Rothbaum and G Morelli, Attachment and Culture: Bridging Relativism and Universalism Wolfgang Friedlmeier, Emotional Development and Culture: Reciprocal Contributions of Cross-Cultural Research and Developmental Psychology RC Mishra, PR Dasen, Spatial Language and Cognitive Development in India: An Urban/Rural Comparison Part III: Intergenerational Relationships Bernhard Nauck, Changing Value of Children: An Action Theory of Fertility Behavior and Intergenerational Relationships in Cross-Cultural Comparison B Schwarz, E Schafermeier and G Trommsdorff, Relations between Value Orientation, Child-Rearing Goals, and Parenting: A Comparison of German and South Korean Mothers R Seginer, Adolescent Future Orientation: Intergenerational Transmission and Intertwining Tactics in Cultural and Family Settings Part IV: Social Change Cigdem Kagitcibasi, Modernization Does Not Mean Westernization: Emergence of a Different Pattern Helmut Klages, Modernization and Value Change Part V: Acculturation J W Berry, Acculturation A Thomas, Long-Term Effects of International Student Exchange Programs Makoto Kobayashi, Collective Self-Esteem and Acculturation: A Case Study of European and Japanese Internship Students Subject Index
98 citations