Westernization

About: Westernization is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1154 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15791 citations. The topic is also known as: occidentalization.

Appropriating Confucianism: Soft Power, Primordial Sentiment, and Authoritarianism

Abstract: The centennial celebrations of the Republican Revolution led by Sun Yat-Sen in October 1911 provided a moment of reflection on modern China (China Information, 2011: 213–282). Over the last century, China transformed itself from a dynastic empire threatened by Western imperialism into a rising power. It recently overtook Japan to become the second largest economy in terms of gross domestic production (GDP) and it is believed that it will surpass the United States in a decade. Not all aspirations envisioned by Sun Yat-Sen, however, have been fulfilled. For instance, Mainland Chinese have yet to gain full citizenship rights under Communist rule. Far more concerned with stability and control, the Communist Party is reluctant to liberalize the political system. In addition, the complicated relationship between tradition and modernity is still an issue of discussion among policymakers and intellectuals. In the late nineteenth century, the ti-yong (essence-utilization) debate prompted government officials to embrace modernization by preserving Chinese learning as the essence (zhongxue weiti) and appropriating Western learning for application (xixue weiyong). This debate resurfaces in a paradigmatic shift from a strong belief in Westernization during the 1980s to the adherence to Confucianism in the early twenty-first century.

Islam, modernism and the west: cultural and political relations at the end of the millennium

Abstract: This text critically reassesses history to examine the long-standing notion that "Islamic affairs" are removed from, and inevitably clash with, "Western affairs". It reconsiders what Islam is and what Westernization is. The book is divided into six parts: Islam and the West, an intentional duality; a reinterpretation of the relations between the Muslim world and the West; Islam and the West, concepts of civilization; the dialetics of reason and faith; secularism and Islamism; democracy and political representation in the Islamic world; and Islam in Europe, the Islam of Europe. Indice Introduction: Islam and the west - an international duality, Gema Martin Munoz. Part 1 Relations between Europe and the Muslim world - a reinterpretation: history as an ideology of legitimation - a comparative approach in Islamic and European contexts, Mohammed Arkoun; Europe and the Muslim world in international relations, Miguel Angel Moratinos; the Euro-Mediterranean partnership - a singular approach to a plural mediterranean, Bichara Khader. Part 2 Islam and the west - concepts of civilization: "clash of civilizations" - the relations of the future? Mohammed 'Abed Al-Jabri; cultural dialogue and "Islamic specificity", Maurice Borrmans; clash of civilization? contemporary images of Islam in the west, John L. Esposito; citizenship and human rights in some Muslim states, Ann Elizabeth Mayer. Part 3 The dialectics of reason and faith - secularism and Islamism: Islam and secularism, Ardou Filali-Ansari; relations between Europe and Islamists, Tariq Ramadan; Islamism and some of its perceptions of the west, Mohammed Tozy; techniques and values -contemporary Muslim debates on Islam and democracy, Gudrun Kramer; family restructuring and affirmation of the individual in Muslim countries - the case of Iran, Farba Adlkhan. Part 4 islam in europe, the Islam of Europe: the re-islamization of Muslim immigration in Europe, Jocelyne Cesari; Muslims and European education systems, Jorgen S. Nielsen; isolation or integration? the development towards multicultural societies, Francois Zabbal.

Effect of westernization on oral health among college students of Udaipur City, India.

Abstract: Background There is overwhelming evidence that periodontal disease and dental caries affect the majority of populations and that western culture and lifestyle may have a profound influence on oral health, especially in adults The present study was performed to determine the effect of westernization on the oral health of college students of Udaipur City, Rajasthan

Age Stereotypes of Older Primary Teachers in Taiwan.

Abstract: Elder respect in East Asia has a long history that could be derived from Confucian philosophy. However, with the rapid development of westernization, younger people have gradually depreciated the value of elder respect and seek a reciprocal relationship with the elderly. A literature search revealed that age stereotypes would be both negative and positive. This study employs the qualitative approach, mainly through interviews, to collect college students' attitudes towards older primary teachers. The research findings illustrate three characteristics: (a) the value of elder respect from college students seems to have gradually declined, particularly under the impact of westernization and industrialization, although some students did still believe in elder respect influenced by Confucian philosophy; (b) some students' negative stereotypes of older primary teachers include that older primary teachers are resistant to change, unwilling to accept new ideas, and less motivated to learn; (c) some students' posi...

Hidden Translation as Academic Practice

Abstract: Much effort has been devoted over the past few centuries to presenting China to the West in the English language, beginning with the classical sinology of nineteenth-century Britain and reaching a climax through late-twentieth century Chinese Studies in the States, carried out mostly in departments of East Asian languages and literature/cultures. Invariably there is one shared element in these approaches: translation. In our age, the pervasive use of English as the language of academic discourse, combined with the increased hegemony of English in fields beyond those of business, recreation and diplomacy, means that the “Westernization” of forms of knowledge related to Chinese culture and tradition has become inescapable. In the new linguistic imperialism, what is prominent are the misrepresentation, distortion and manipulation carried out in connection with the translation of ideas from Chinese into English. The present article focuses on ideas rather than texts in order to understand the cannibalization of one language by another that has occurred in translation. The example chosen is the translation of a key literary term-xiaoshuo (literally “small talk” but often translated as “fiction”)-which appears in academic writings published by American Sinologists in the past few decades, in which the epistemological gap between the Chinese and English terms is artificially bridged.