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White Muscle Disease
About: White Muscle Disease is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 165 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2812 citations.
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TL;DR: The disease in foals may present as an acute, fulminant syndrome, which is rapidly fatal, or a subacute syndrome characterized by profound muscular weakness, which may survive if they are supplemented early with selenium; however, mortality rates ranging from 30% to 45% have been reported, even for this form of the disease.
Abstract: White muscle disease (nutritional myodegeneration) of foals is a peracute to subacute myodegenerative disease affecting skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is caused by a dietary deficiency of selenium and vitamin E, usually in association with predisposing factors such as a high intake of dietary unsaturated fats or unaccustomed exercise. White muscle disease has been observed in foals from birth to 1 year of age, particularly those foals born to dams fed selenium-deficient diets during gestation. The disease in foals may present as an acute, fulminant syndrome, which is rapidly fatal, or a subacute syndrome characterized by profound muscular weakness. Failure of passive transfer, aspiration pneumonia, and stunting are frequent complications. Markedly increased muscle enzyme and low glutathione peroxidase activities are common findings in affected foals. Foals with the subacute form of the disease may survive if they are supplemented early with selenium; however, mortality rates ranging from 30% to 45% have been reported, even for this form of the disease.
83 citations
01 Jul 1961
79 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented to suggest that 0.1 ppm dietary selenium is not sufficient under some conditions to meet the physiological requirements for this element.
Abstract: The effects of selenium and vitamin E on blood selenium levels and tissue glutathione peroxidase activities were determined in sheep fed purified and hay diets. A significant increase of blood levels of this element and tissue glutathione peroxidase activities was found in sheep given selenium as compared to those not receiving this element. Of the tissues examined, the highest glutathione peroxidase activity was found in the heart. Vitamin E had no influence on either the blood selenium levels or upon the tissue glutathione peroxidase activity. With hydrogen peroxide as the substrate, tissue glutathione peroxidase activity was not correlated with the incidence of white muscle disease. Evidence is presented to suggest that 0.1 ppm dietary selenium is not sufficient under some conditions to meet the physiological requirements for this element.
69 citations
TL;DR: Although there are other methods of overcoming Se deficiency but crop enrichment and consumption of crop products containing Se in organic form is more bio available, human pathology reflects these animal disease states.
Abstract: Nutrient management of soils and crops affects the quality of crops with respect to their selenium (Se) and other mineral composition. A number of world regions are deficient in Se to meet the needs of animals and humans. In general, soils containing less than 0.6 mg Se kg−1 and crops containing less than 0.1 mg kg−1 are considered deficient for animals and humans. Areas receiving sulfur fertilization contain low Se because sulfur interferes with Se uptake by plants. Principal Se responsive diseases in animals can be divided in to four groups: Musculoskeletal (white muscle disease and neonatal weakness), reproductive (retained placentae and abortions), gastrointestinal (diarrhea and ill thrift), and immunologic (immune system deficits). Human pathology reflects these animal disease states. Specific immune, reproductive, neurologic, and cardiac disorders are found in humans deficient in Se. Additionally, certain cancers and chronic diseases appear to be related to Se in the human diet. A higher Se status i...
51 citations
TL;DR: Increased selenium deficiency from the increasing use of home grown feeds as a major constituent of livestock rations may be causally related to the increase of white muscle disease and other seenium responsive diseases in Britain.
Abstract: The reliability of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity as an indicator of selenium status in livestock is discussed. Based on this measurement, a survey is described of the biological selenium status of sheep on each of 329 farms in Britain. Results showed that 47 per cent of these farms were probably unable to provide grazing livestock with sufficient selenium to maintain blood levels greater than 0.075 microgram per ml. Increased selenium deficiency from the increasing use of home grown feeds as a major constituent of livestock rations may be causally related to the increase of white muscle disease and other selenium responsive diseases in Britain.
48 citations