Showing papers on "White paper published in 2019"

Key drivers and research challenges for 6G ubiquitous wireless intelligence

Abstract: As fifth generation (5G) research is maturing towards a global standard, the research community has started to focus on the development of beyond-5G solutions and the 2030 era, i.e. 6G. In the future, our society will be increasingly digitised, hyper-connected and globally data driven. Many widely anticipated future services will be critically dependent on instant, virtually unlimited wireless connectivity. Mobile communication technologies are expected to progress far beyond anything seen so far in wireless-enabled applications, making everyday lives smoother and safer while dramatically improving the efficiency of businesses. 6G is not only about moving data around — it will become a framework of services, including communication services where all user-specific computation and intelligence may move to the edge cloud. The white paper presents key drivers, research requirements, challenges and essential research questions related to 6G. The focus is on societal and business drivers; use cases and new device forms; spectrum and key performance indicator targets; radio hardware progress and challenges; physical layer; networking; and new service enablers. Societal megatrends, United Nations’ sustainability goals, lowering carbon dioxide emissions, emerging new technical enablers as well as ever increasing productivity demands are introduced as critical drivers towards 2030 solutions. This white paper is the first in a series of 6G Research Visions based on the views that 70 invited experts shared during a special workshop at the first 6G Wireless Summit in Finnish Lapland in March 2019.

White paper on the future of plasma science in environment, for gas conversion and agriculture

Abstract: Climate change, environmental pollution control, and resource utilization efficiency, as well as food security, sustainable agriculture, and water supply are among the main challenges facing society today. Expertise across different academic fields, technologies, and disciplines is needed to generate new ideas to meet these challenges. This “white paper” aims to provide a written summary by describing the main aspects and possibilities of the technology. It shows that plasma science and technology can make significant contributions to address the mentioned issues. The paper also addresses to people in the scientific community (inside and outside plasma science) to give inspiration for further work in these fields.

Online harms white paper

Abstract: 1. The Children's Media Foundation is a not-for-profit organisation dedicated to ensuring children and young people in the UK have the best possible media choices, on all platforms and at all ages. We bring together academic research institutions, the children's media industries, regulators, politicians and concerned individuals who recognise that media is not only a powerful force in children's lives, but a valuable one.

Protecting All: Risk Sharing for a Diverse and Diversifying World of Work

Abstract: This white paper is a contribution to the broader, global discussion of the changing nature of work and how policy can shape its implications for the wellbeing of people. It focusses on the policy interventions made to help people manage risk, uncertainty and the losses from events whose impacts are channeled primarily through the labor market. The objectives of the white paper are: to scrutinize the relevance and effects of prevailing risk-sharing policies in low- and middle-income countries; take account of how global drivers of disruption shape and diversify how people work; in light of this diversity, propose alternative risk-sharing policies, or ways to augment and improve current policies to be more relevant and responsive to peoples' needs; and map a reasonable transition path from the current to an alternative policy approach that substantially extends protection to a greater portion of working people and their families. The term risk-sharing policies is used broadly in reference to the set of institutions, regulations and interventions that societies put in place to help households manage shocks to their livelihoods. Effective risk-sharing policies are foundational to building equity, resilience and opportunity. These policies include formal rules and structures that regulate market interactions (worker protections and other labor market institutions), that help people pool risks (social assistance and social insurance), to save and insure affordably and effectively (mandatory and incentivized individual savings and other financial instruments), and to recover from losses in the wake of livelihood shocks ('active' reemployment measures).

Healthy Aging: American Geriatrics Society White Paper Executive Summary.

Abstract: In July 2015, the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society published a manuscript titled, "Failing to Focus on Healthy Aging: A Frailty of Our Discipline?" In response, the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Clinical Practice and Models of Care Committee and Public Education Committee developed a white paper calling on the AGS and its members to play a more active role in promoting healthy aging. The executive summary presented here summarizes the recommendations from that white paper. The full version is published online at GeriatricsCareOnline.org. Life expectancy has increased dramatically over the last century. Longer life provides opportunity for personal fulfillment and contributions to community but is often associated with illness, discomfort, disability, and dependency at the end of life. Geriatrics has focused on optimizing function and quality of life as we age and reducing morbidity and frailty, but there is evidence of earlier onset of chronic disease that is likely to affect the health of future generations of older adults. The AGS is committed to promoting the health, independence, and engagement of all older adults as they age. Geriatrics as an interprofessional specialty is well positioned to promote healthy aging. We draw from decades of accumulated knowledge, skills, and experience in areas that are central to geriatric medicine, including expertise in complexity and the biopsychosocial model; attention to function and quality of life; the ability to provide culturally competent, person-centered care; the ability to assess people's preferences and values; and understanding the importance of systems in optimizing outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:17-20, 2019.

White Paper: Corporatization in Radiology.

Abstract: Consolidation in health care has been widely recognized as having significant impact in the United States. A related trend is the corporatization of medical professional practices by companies in capital markets. Several medical subspecialties have been identified as attractive corporatization candidates, including radiology. The purpose of the white paper is to present information about the trend of corporatization in radiology. The real, recognized, and potential influences of capital investors in radiology need to be acknowledged as evolving and important considerations. Many radiologists and practices have already realized significant change as a result of corporatization. Corporatization presents significant practical, financial, ethical, and moral implications for those in and related to radiology.

EHRA White Paper: knowledge gaps in arrhythmia management-status 2019

Abstract: Clinicians accept that there are many unknowns when we make diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Acceptance of uncertainty is essential for the pursuit of the profession: bedside decisions must often be made on the basis of incomplete evidence. Over the years, physicians sometimes even do not realize anymore which the fundamental gaps in our knowledge are. As clinical scientists, however, we have to halt and consider what we do not know yet, and how we can move forward addressing those unknowns. The European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) believes that scanning the field of arrhythmia / cardiac electrophysiology to identify knowledge gaps which are not yet the subject of organized research, should be undertaken on a regular basis. Such a review (White Paper) should concentrate on research which is feasible, realistic, and clinically relevant, and should not deal with futuristic aspirations. It fits with the EHRA mission that these White Papers should be shared on a global basis in order to foster collaborative and needed research which will ultimately lead to better care for our patients. The present EHRA White Paper summarizes knowledge gaps in the management of atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia/sudden death and heart failure.

Toward inclusive tech policy design: a method for underrepresented voices to strengthen tech policy documents

Abstract: To be successful, policy must anticipate a broad range of constituents. Yet, all too often, technology policy is written with primarily mainstream populations in mind. In this article, drawing on Value Sensitive Design and discount evaluation methods, we introduce a new method—Diverse Voices—for strengthening pre-publication technology policy documents from the perspective of underrepresented groups. Cost effective and high impact, the Diverse Voices method intervenes by soliciting input from “experiential” expert panels (i.e., members of a particular stakeholder group and/or those serving that group). We first describe the method. Then we report on two case studies demonstrating its use: one with a white paper on augmented reality technology with expert panels on people with disabilities, people who were formerly or currently incarcerated, and women; and the other with a strategy document on automated driving vehicle technologies with expert panels on youth, non-car drivers, and extremely low-income people. In both case studies, panels identified significant shortcomings in the pre-publication documents which, if addressed, would mitigate some of the disparate impact of the proposed policy recommendations on these particular stakeholder groups. Our discussion includes reflection on the method, evidence for its success, its limitations, and future directions.

The Information Content of ICO White Papers

Abstract: White papers are likely the primary source of information provided to potential Initial Coin Offering (ICO) investors in platform-based ventures that may reduce information asymmetry between ICO issuers and investors. We use textual analysis to measure the information content of white paper documents. We examine how an informative white paper content signal and a concurrent potentially biased expert rating signal correlate with measures of ICO funding success, ICO underpricing, and post-ICO performance. Our empirical results suggest that high-quality ICO issuers signal their type by providing more informative white paper content, i.e. excess or new textual information not contained in recent and peer white papers. However, investors rely on the expert ratings signal in their decision to buy tokens that "jams" the white paper informative content signal. Once listed tokens receive a market valuation, white paper informative content is positively associated with our measures for underpricing, returns, and liquidity, while the expert ratings signal is rendered irrelevant.

ICO Success Drivers: A Textual and Statistical Analysis

Abstract: Recently, tech-savvy start-ups and SMEs have begun to finance their business by raising funds through the issuance and sale of “branded” newly minted digital currencies Since this alternative capital market is largely unregulated, investors need to separate the drivers of business success from those that indicate failure, or worse, fraudulent money-raising Through standard logistic regression and extreme value logistic regression, the authors are able to shed light on the riskiest business projects In particular, they find that the existence of a white paper, the number of advisors, the number of people on the team, and the presence of a Telegram chat are significant factors useful for discerning a successful capital raising from an unsuccessful one Conversely, the non-existence of a company website and an inactive Twitter account are indicators of a possible scam

Blockchain As an Enabling Technology

Abstract: Before giving further consideration to the emerging role that crypto-assets are playing in the financial ecosystem, it is important to take a moment to consider the broader impacts of the technical innovations encapsulated in the Bitcoin white paper. This chapter will consider how the broader application of this technology—typically called blockchain—is shifting the way in which the financial services community thinks about the potential architecture of the systems that enable financial transactions. We will consider the characteristics and challenges facing the application of blockchains and explore several potential use cases.

Business Model Warfare: The Strategy of Business Breakthroughs

Abstract: There’s a story behind every business success and every business failure, sometimes the story of a great idea; sometimes one that failed. Sometimes it’s a story of insightful management, or management that failed. But almost always it’s a story about change. Change in the market; change in the economy; change in a particular product or service that transformed a failure into a success, or vice versa. Hidden behind many of these changes, or sometimes as a result of them, there is change in what customers experience, and as a result, a change in their perceptions and attitudes, and then in their buying habits. Companies soar, or collapse, as a consequence. While we study the stories to learn about the specific changes, events, insights, and breakdowns in each case, we also look for broader and deeper explanations that show how change applies across industries and the whole of the economy. The broader patterns are often Business Model Innovations, the subject of this white paper. Here we propose a specific model explaining how large companies create and sustain market leadership in today’s market, or the traps that they fall into that prevent them from doing so.

Making Bicycling Equitable: Lessons from Sociocultural Research

Abstract: Author(s): McCullough, Sarah R; Lugo, Adonia; Stokkum, Rebecca van | Abstract: This white paper provides guidance for how planning, policy, and advocacy may better account for complex sociocultural forces, including gender, class, and race. The authors reviewed a large body of sociocultural research on bicycling with complex models capable of addressing an intersectional understanding of identity, the innerworkings of power in society, and the nature of inequity. These findings coalesced into four recommendations for those promoting bicycling as a mode of everyday transportation: (1) Extend what it means to embrace difference; (2) Recognize that the streets are not equally safe for all; (3) Engage in a meaningful way with marginalized communities and share decision-making power; and (4) Understand how local and national histories of injustice influence and relate to current bicycling planning processes. Integrating these recommendations into advocacy, policy, and planning can lead to greater equity in representation, distribution of resources, and decision-making in promoting bicycling. System-wide implementation of these recommendations will create the greatest impact on improving issues of equity, diversity, and inclusion in bicycling. This requires broad-scale interventions, including but not limited to, training, changes to funding and decision-making structures, valuing long-term community engagement and community knowledge, broadening measures to street safety, and considering historic inequality.

6G Network Needs to Support Embedded Trust

Abstract: A slogan coined at the recent first Levi 6G Summit by Peter Wetter of Nokia Bell Labs was "the 6G is about the 6th sense". This can be understood in at least two ways. One is that the network just knows what to do in all kinds of situations because of the use of AI and the second is that 6G radio will be widely used to sense the environment where the users are. In this view, 6G is seen as a continuation of the merge of the physical and the virtual words. An outcome of the Summit is a 6G White Paper documenting the ideas of some 60 invited people from the 300 participants about the future generation coming after 5G. This paper provides further discussion and justification of the trust and security aspects of the Networking Chapter in the White Paper. The paper focuses on principles and only refers to some verification in order not to clutter the discussion with technical detail. Opinions expressed here are of the author of this paper who was also the main editor of the Networking Chapter. The members of the White paper group on Networking or the editors of the White paper should not be held liable for the views expressed in the paper.

White Paper: A Multidimensional Understanding of Effective University and College Counseling Center Organizational Structures

Abstract: Established in 1950, the Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors (AUCCCD) is an international organization comprising universities and colleges (https://www.auccc...

Differentiation, differentiated integration and disintegration in a ‘post-Brexit-era’

Abstract: In contrast to the ‘ever closer Union among the peoples of Europe’ invoked in the preamble of the Treaty of Rome, Frank Schimmelfennig and Thomas Winzen ponder whether the European Union (EU) is ‘growing ever looser’. Differentiation can take various forms which are often intertwined, such as functional, institutional, spatial/territorial as well as temporal differentiation. In 1998, Petersen studied Denmark’s integration policy in what he called a ‘dilemma’ between influence capability and stress sensitivity. With the Great Recession of 2007This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book 2008, the EU entered a new multi-faceted crisis. The future of European integration became an increasingly debated issue, and so did the issue of differentiated integration. The relevance of differentiation beyond the Brexit vote is further exemplified by the European Commission’s publication of its ‘White Paper on the Future of Europe’, which established several concrete scenarios for Europe by 2025. The conclusion reflects on the White Paper’s contribution to debates over the future of Europe following the 2019 European Parliament elections.

ARL White Paper on Wikidata: Opportunities and Recommendations

Abstract: This white paper highlights opportunities for research library involvement in Wikidata, particularly in community-based collections, community-owned infrastructure, and collective collections.

Revise and resubmit? Reviewing the 2019 Online Harms White Paper

Abstract: As the 2019 Online Harms White Paper (OHWP) notes, the Internet is an increasingly integral part of our lives, and can offer ‘significant benefits’.1 In order to ensure these benefits are not under...

Social Equity Impacts of Congestion Management Strategies

Abstract: Author(s): Shaheen, Susan, PhD; Stocker, Adam; Meza, Ruth | Abstract: This white paper examines the social equity impacts of various congestion management strategies. The paper includes a comprehensive list of 30 congestion management strategies and a discussion of equity implications related to each strategy. The authors analyze existing literature and incorporate findings from 12 expert interviews from academic, non-governmental organization (NGO), public, and private sector respondents to strengthen results and fill gaps in understanding. The literature review applies the Spatial – Temporal – Economic – Physiological – Social (STEPS) Equity Framework (Shaheen et al., 2017) to identify impacts and classify whether social equity barriers are reduced, exacerbated, or both by a particular congestion mitigation measure. The congestion management strategies discussed are grouped into six main categories, including: 1) pricing, 2) parking and curb policies, 3) operational strategies, 4) infrastructure changes, 5) transportation services and strategies, and 6) conventional taxation. The findings show that the social equity impacts of certain congestion management strategies are not well understood, at present, and further empirical research is needed. Congestion mitigation measures have the potential to affect travel costs, commute times, housing, and accessibility in ways that are distinctly positive or negative for different populations. For these reasons, social equity implications of congestion management strategies should be understood and mitigated for in planning and implementation of these strategies.

Applied DDMI: A White Paper on how Design-Driven Material Innovation Methodology was applied in the Trash-2-Cash Project

Abstract: This report summarises the work of a consortium of 18 partners; designers, design researchers and facilitators, manufacturers, material researchers and technical experts, during the EU Funded Trash-2-Cash project. The applied methodology and related recommendations are the main results captured in this report with thanks to contributions from Aalto University, Material ConneXion® Italia, RISE and The University of the Arts London.

Embedding Climate Change Engagement in Astronomy Education and Research

Abstract: This White Paper is a call to action for astronomers to respond to climate change with a large structural transition within our profession Many astronomers are deeply concerned about climate change and act upon it in their personal and professional lives, and many organizations within astronomy have incorporated incremental changes We need a collective impact model to better network and grow our efforts so that we can achieve results that are on the scale appropriate to address climate change at the necessary level indicated by scientific research; eg, becoming carbon neutral by 2050 We need to implement strategies within two primary drivers of our field: (1) Education and Outreach, and (2) Research Practices and Infrastructure (1) In the classroom and through public talks, astronomers reach a large audience Astronomy is closely connected to the science of climate change, and it is arguably the most important topic we include in our curriculum Due to misinformation and disinformation, climate change communication is different than for other areas of science We therefore need to expand our communication and implement effective strategies, for which there is now a considerable body of research (2) On a per-person basis astronomers have an outsized carbon impact There are numerous ways we can reduce our footprint; eg, in the design and operation of telescope facilities and in the optimization and reduction of travel Fortunately, many of these solutions are win-win scenarios, eg, increasing the online presence of conferences will reduce the carbon footprint while increasing participation, especially for astronomers working with fewer financial resources Astronomers have an obligation to act on climate change in every way possible, and we need to do it now In this White Paper, we outline a plan for collective impact using a Networked Improvement Community (NIC) approach

Land Reform in South Africa

Abstract: Historically land tenure systems were to a large extent prescribed by the circumstances that prevailed when the Whites first settled in South Africa. The ownership of land in the remainder of South Africa outside Black rural and urban areas was frozen after the first Group Areas Act was enacted in 1950. Until 1991 the outstanding feature of the South African land tenure system was that it was racially based. During 1991 the White Paper on Land Reform was published, leading to a new era in land control. This publication coincided with the commencement of legislation addressing land matters in accordance with the then envisaged land reform goals. Most rural Blacks reside in tribal areas established on scheduled or released areas. In these areas a traditional system of land tenure still obtains. The parameters of the 1991 land control system were embodied in the White Paper and accompanying legislation thereby introducing a new land dispensation for South Africa.

The Green New Deal: Mobilizing for a Just, Prosperous, and Sustainable Economy

Abstract: This white paper lays out the guiding vision behind the Green New Deal Resolution proposed to the U.S. Congress by Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Senator Bill Markey in February of 2019. It explains the senses in which the Green New Deal is 'green' on the one hand, and a new 'New Deal' on the other hand. It also 'makes the case' for a shamelessly ambitious, not a low-ball or slow-walked, Green New Deal agenda. At the core of the paper's argument lies the observation that only a true national mobilization on the scale of those associated with the original New Deal and the Second World War will be up to the task of comprehensively revitalizing the nation's economy, justly growing our middle class, and expeditiously achieving carbon-neutrality within the twelve-year time-frame that climate science tells us we have before reaching an environmental 'tipping point.' But this is actually good news, the paper argues. For, paradoxically, an ambitious Green New Deal also will be the most 'affordable' Green New Deal, in virtue of the enormous productivity, widespread prosperity, and attendant public revenue benefits that large-scale public investment will bring. In effect, the Green New Deal will amount to that very transformative stimulus which the nation has awaited since the crash of 2008 and its debt-deflationary sequel.

Theories of Democratic Change III: Transitions from Conflict

Abstract: The notion that robust democracy and violent conflict are linked is commonplace. Many observers of international politics attribute violent conflict in contexts as diverse as Myanmar and Syria to failures of democracy. Conversely, most agree that continuing political violence undermines any effort to build strong democratic institutions in Libya or South Sudan. As a matter of policy, democratization has often been promoted not only as an end in itself but as a means toward building peace in societies scarred by violence. Development professionals tackle these challenges daily, confronting vicious cycles of political violence and weak democratic institutions. At the same time, scholars have dedicated intense scrutiny to these questions, often finding that the interrelationships between conflict and democracy belie easy categorization. This report, the third in a series on democratic theories of change, critically engages with this literature to ask three questions: Under what circumstances do democratic practice or movement toward democracy quell (or exacerbate) the risk of different kinds of violent conflict? Under what circumstances do the risk and experience of violent conflict undermine democratic practice? How can external interventions mitigate risks and capitalize on opportunities inherent in transitions to democracy and peace? To answer these questions, a research team at George Mason University and Georgetown University spent eight months compiling, organizing, and evaluating the academic literature connecting democratic practice and violent conflict, which spans the fields of political science, economics, peace studies, anthropology, sociology, and psychology. This work was funded by USAID’s Center of Excellence on Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance (the DRG Center), under the Institute of International Education’s (IIE’s) Democracy Fellows and Grants Program. Beginning in May 2018, the authors organized a team of three research assistants, who read and summarized more than 600 journal articles, books, reports, and newspaper articles. The resulting White Paper was the subject of an August 2018 workshop with representatives from USAID and an interdisciplinary group of eight scholars with expertise in conflict and democracy. Based on their feedback, the authors developed a new Theories of Change Matrix and White Paper in October 2018. This draft received further written feedback from USAID and another three scholars. The core team then revised the report again to produce this final draft. This report’s approach to the literature differs from past phases of the Theories of Democratic Change project. While past reports detailed the hypothesized causes of democratic backsliding (Phase I) and democratic transitions (Phase II), this report focuses on the reciprocal relationship between democratic practice and conflict. The report therefore organizes hypotheses into two questions and then sub-categories within each question.

The differentiated duty of care: a response to the Online Harms White Paper

Abstract: A consensus has formed that the negative social externalities of online harms combined with huge market power of internet intermediaries justify regulation of online service providers.1 Fake news, ...