White paper

About: White paper is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3852 publications have been published within this topic receiving 51169 citations. The topic is also known as: White paper & White papers.

Success factors for developing viable Motorways of the Sea projects in Europe

Abstract: Motorways of the Sea (MoS) projects, that is, the development of integrated maritime-based intermodal transport infrastructure and service networks at European scale, have been the vision of the European Commission (EC) under the European Transport Policy White Paper 2001. Although these projects have been prioritised under the Trans European transport (TEN-T) networks, they have met with limited success. Establishing MoS is complex because of its international scope and involvement of a large number of public and private stakeholders that often have conflicting objectives and goals. Presently, there is a need for EC to set clear, fair and attractive conditions to engage private stakeholders in the realisation of these projects. The paper will attempt to identify these conditions and recommend a way forward. The paper reviews the evolution of the MoS concept and existing barriers in the delivery of intermodal services to understand the expectations and concerns of the important stakeholders. Case studies of European Short Sea Shipping experiences in the different maritime corridors and elsewhere around the world are analysed to identify critical success factors and recommend a suitable framework for the realisation of European MoS projects.

Estimating China's Defence Expenditure: Some Evidence From Chinese Sources

Abstract: Much attention has recently been paid to the difficult subject of estimating China's military expenditure (ME). This study seeks to contribute to this dialogue and research. Admittedly, this is not an easy task. A major problem with any analysis of China's ME is the veil of secrecy shrouding military allocations. Of course, the difficulty of gathering statistical data of sufficient reliability in this area is not peculiar to China. But Chinese leaders' traditional preoccupation with secrecy makes them extremely reluctant to publish details of the country's ME even in the crudest aggregated form. Until China published its first defence White Paper in November 1995, the annual state budget had contained only a single-line entry for defence. Even the White Paper did not reveal much about what was included in the official military budget. More important, a considerable amount of Chinese defence spending is not reflected in the official military budget. It is widely accepted by Western defence analysts, and occasionally admitted by their Chinese counterparts, that China's total defence spending includes three major components:

The European Commission’s business ethics: a critique of proposed reforms

Abstract: This paper discusses the reform of the European Commission in the wake of the mass resignations of March 1999. It places reform in the framework of the global business ethics movement by making the case for business ethics in government. It examines the Committee of Independent Experts’ report as well as the Commission’s White Paper on reform. It argues that effective Commission reform is not possible without fundamental culture change, and puts forward thirteen recommendations that, if implemented, are calculated to improve ethics in the Commission’s culture, thereby reducing the incidence of questionable conduct. It concludes by maintaining that effective reform is possible, albeit difficult.

New Labour and Higher Education: Dilemmas and Paradoxes

Abstract: David Blunkett's Greenwich speech (2000) set out what have become the main themes of New Labour's engagement with higher education, themes which were elaborated in the recent White Paper (DfES, 2003a). This paper draws attention to the dilemmas and paradoxes which arise from the difficulties of simultaneously satisfying the objectives which were set out in the aftermath of the 2001 general election, and from the trade off solutions and policies actually identified. The most fundamental conflict is between the desire to expand the system and the costs of that expansion. The author also identifies a conflict between institutional diversity and hierarchy and between exclusionism and accessibility. The paper concludes by suggesting that exclusionism is still alive and well under the government of a party that still has ‘Labour’ in its title.

The Twisting Paths to Planning Reform in Scotland

Abstract: In the context of modernization in the public sector and the reforms of land use planning practices, this article traces the paths followed in Scotland to articulate an appropriate agenda for change to create a modern planning system. Fundamental to this drive for public sector reform is devolution, and the search to articulate an appropriate form of state apparatus for a modern Scottish state. Context, however, is all-important. Research and extensive consultation have paved the path to a planning White Paper, Modernizing the Planning System, and a draft Planning Bill. This article examines the archaeology of the Scottish road to reform, and considers the nature of the changing practices associated with devolution in Scotland. We are therefore determined to build a planning system that balances the right of individuals to develop their property and the interests of the wider community. This White Paper outlines our detailed proposals for modernisation of the planning system, to secure greater fa...