scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

White paper

About: White paper is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3852 publications have been published within this topic receiving 51169 citations. The topic is also known as: White paper & White papers.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse the extent to which an open access rail freight market has enabled new pan European rail freight services, using a case study within the context of policy.
Abstract: This paper analyses the extent to which an open access rail freight market has enabled new pan European rail freight services, using a case study within the context of policy. Methodology was: desk top analysis of European Union freight policy, from the Railway Directives, through successive White Papers, to the recent 2011 White Paper; review of rail freight market performance; semi-structured interviews with rail regulators; operational records from a novel, cross-border rail freight service from Western Europe to the Black Sea. Evidence to date is mixed. The research finds that new entrants can operate within imperfect open access environment, facing many barriers from incumbents, infrastructure managers, rail regulators, and terminal operators. Examples of issues are: infrastructure discrimination; non-transparent or liberalised energy supply; monopolistic shunting services; safety certification; terminal access restricting trade; weak or discriminatory regulatory authorities. The research identified key barriers: trust between partners, wagon availability, lack of single European driver certification and access to non-path infrastructure and services. The pilot was successful and is commercially viable, and succeeded in a hybrid block and single wagon-load train service, integrating new private entrants and Eastern state railways. The research identified a research agenda and implications for practitioners and policy makers.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the 2003 White Paper on higher education in England and Wales, and offer analysis and strategic conclusions that apply to all advanced countries, including the United States.
Abstract: Though directly an assessment of the 2003 White Paper on higher education in England and Wales, this paper offers analysis and strategic conclusions that apply to all advanced countries. After introductory discussion, successive sections weigh up current arrangements (generally unfavourably), assess the White Paper strategy (generally favourably), and discuss the follow-up actions necessary to ensure that the strategy works. A concluding section stresses political leadership, portrays two contrasting futures, and summarises broader lessons for policy design.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examines the commitments enshrined in the Strategic Defence Review White Paper to make the armed forces more genuinely representative of the British population, notably with respect to ethnicity, and identifies some conceptual problems associated with the way in which those commitments are presented and with the arguments usually deployed in support of their pursuit.
Abstract: This paper examines the commitments enshrined in the Strategic Defence Review White Paper to make the armed forces more genuinely representative of the British population, notably with respect to ethnicity. It identifies some conceptual problems associated with the way in which those commitments are presented and with the arguments usually deployed in support of their pursuit. It suggests that a fundamental re-assessment is required of the concept of representativeness, which is at the heart of current policy commitments, if their planned practical outcomes are to be achieved. The paper asks whether a shift in focus from equal opportunities to diversity offers the prospect of resolving some of the dilemmas and obstacles identified. It concludes by suggesting that the concept of diversity is itself not unproblematic – particularly in a military context – and that it could offer a solution only if it were embraced hand in hand with a much more explicit acceptance of the diversity of the political community....

28 citations

01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version.
Abstract: Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.

28 citations

01 Sep 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the opportunities and challenges of applying these different decision support tools, and guide the reader to select among them depending on the desired objective, circumstances, data available, timeframe to perform analyses, level of detail, and other considerations.
Abstract: Given the series of large-scale flood disasters that have occurred in recent years, there is a growing recognition among community leaders, businesses, insurers, governments and international donors of the need to invest in risk reduction measures before such events happen. Due to the costs of risk reduction measures, these actions need to be justified and as a result there is an increasing need to utilize decision-support tools, which can help to make the case for action to reduce disaster risks and build flood resilience when faced with limited resources. Across stakeholders, the specific objectives from the use of decision-support tools include (i) demonstrating the efficiency of the action ex-ante (before the flood); (ii) aiding in the selection of a particular intervention in enhancing community flood resilience from a suite of possible options; (iii) helping communities make the right choice when faced with limited investments; (iv) demonstrating the benefits of donor funding of community flood resilience projects; and (v) monitoring the successes and weaknesses of past interventions to generate lessons learned for future work. Typically, discussion on decision-support for disaster risk reduction (DRR) in floods (as well as for other hazards) has focused on cost-benefit analysis (CBA), however there are a number of other tools available to support decision-making. These include cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and robust-decision-making approaches (RDMA), which have been applied to similar problems, and can also be used to aid decision-making regarding flooding. This white paper provides an overview of the opportunities and challenges of applying these different tools, and guides the reader to select among them. Selection depends on the desired objective, circumstances, data available, timeframe to perform analyses, level of detail, and other considerations. We first focus on the CBA decision-tool, as this has been the mainstay of research and implementation. We then go beyond CBA to consider the other techniques for prioritising DRR investments. While our analysis is specific to flood DRR actions, the conclusion are also applicable to other hazards. The key findings arising from this white paper with relevance to research, policy and implementation of flood DRR decision-support tools, are: (1) Following a comprehensive review of the quantitative CBA flood DRR evidence, we find that flood DRR investments largely pay off, with an average of five dollars saved for every dollar spent through avoided and reduced losses; (2) Using CBA for flood risk reduction assessment should properly account for low-frequency, high-impact flood events, and also tackle key challenges such as intangible impacts; (3) Decision-making can be improved by using various decision support tools tailored to the desired outcomes and contexts. This white paper is the foundation upon which the Zurich flood resilience alliance work on integration of a decision toolbox will proceed "on the ground," with established community-based risk assessment tools, in particular Vulnerability Capacity Assessments (VCA) or Participatory Capacity and Vulnerability Assessments (PCVA). Based on these findings we propose a way forward over the next several years on informing risk-based decision making as part of the alliance program.

28 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Government
141K papers, 1.9M citations
79% related
European union
171.6K papers, 2.8M citations
79% related
Population
2.1M papers, 62.7M citations
74% related
Health care
342.1K papers, 7.2M citations
74% related
Politics
263.7K papers, 5.3M citations
72% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202395
2022203
202159
2020101
2019115
201899