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Wind shear
About: Wind shear is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8023 publications have been published within this topic receiving 185373 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a scheme is developed to parameterize the vertical transport of momentum by cumulus clouds, in which the effect of a cloud-induced pressure field is included, and a new form for momentum exchange between clouds and their environment is used.
Abstract: A scheme is developed to parameterize the vertical transport of momentum by cumulus clouds, in which the effect of a cloud-induced pressure field is included. In addition, a new form for momentum exchange between clouds and their environment is used. The scheme incorporates a simple cloud model which includes both updraft and downdraft and specifies the cloud dynamic fields to enable us to determine the mean pressure gradient force across the clouds. It is shown that in a typical environment with vertical wind shear, the pressure gradient force is along the direction of the wind shear. The equation governing cloud mean momentum together with the diagnostic equation for cloud-induced pressure field is solved by iteration to evaluate quantitatively the horizontal pressure gradient force across the cloud and determine the cloud mean momentum. Application of the parameterization scheme to GATE convective events will be presented in Part II of this paper.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the turbulent wake characteristics of the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) by comparing the results between the model fitted and wind tunnel experiments.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, five different methods including empirical, maximum likelihood modified maximum likelihood, energy pattern, and graphical methods are used to obtain the Weibull parameters of Hawke's bay site, the exactness of the five methods is obtained by correlation coefficient and root mean square error values between the measurements and the estimates.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Poker Flat Radar at 65°N latitude during 15 months in 1980-81 to measure horizontal and vertical mesospheric wind fields and concluded that the actual mean circulation is more complex than that implied by current models.
Abstract: Monthly-averaged horizontal and vertical mesospheric wind fields have been measured using the Poker Flat Radar at 65°N latitude during 15 months in 1980–81. The horizontal wind fields are reasonably consistent with previous observations and with some of the current theoretical models that take into account enhanced turbulence and eddy transport observed at mesospheric heights. However, the observed vertical wind field has a quasi-sinusoidal seasonal variation with peak values of 25 cm s−1 both downward near summer solstice and upward near winter solstice and is inconsistent with current models of mean circulation in the meridional plane. Because there are no other comparable vertical wind observations, the possibility of error in the vertical wind measurements was carefully considered and rejected. We conclude that the actual mean circulation is more complex than that implied by current models. Possible complicating factors include nonuniform zonal flow, multicellular meridional structure and an ...
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an oceanic GCM is used to investigate the response of the tropical and subtropical thermocline circulation and structure to different wind stress patterns, and the authors found that a weaker sub-tropical wind curl causes a cooling of the subsurface equatorial region and hence an intensification of the equatorial thermoclines.
Abstract: An oceanic GCM is used to investigate the response of the tropical and subtropical thermocline circulation and structure to different wind stress patterns. Although the subtropical winds do not affect the transport or the speed of the Equatorial Undercurrent significantly, they do change the equatorial temperature field in the lower part of the equatorial thermocline significantly. A weaker subtropical wind curl causes a cooling of the subsurface equatorial region and, hence, an intensification of the equatorial thermocline. A weakening of the subtropical wind curl by a factor of 2 cools the equatorial lower thermocline water by 2°C.
57 citations