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Wind shear

About: Wind shear is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8023 publications have been published within this topic receiving 185373 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
20 Aug 1981-Nature
TL;DR: In this paper, high-resolution Voyager IRIS measurements for Saturn and Jupiter are assembled in meridional cross sections of the retrieved upper tropospheric temperatures and calculated thermal wind shear in the upper troposphere is highly correlated on both planets with the cloud top winds derived from imaging data.
Abstract: High resolution Voyager IRIS measurements for Saturn and Jupiter are assembled in meridional cross sections of the retrieved upper tropospheric temperatures. The calculated thermal wind shear in the upper troposphere is highly correlated on both planets with the cloud top winds derived from imaging data. In contrast, temperatures below approximately 300 mbar are not simply related to the zonal jet structure. The upper tropospheric temperatures seem to have been more consistently correlated with cloud top winds than with major albedo features at the time of the Voyager encounters.

54 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the fastest mid-to upper-tropospheric vertical velocities among all modes of convection were investigated for observed supercell updrafts, and two hypotheses for this feature were investigated.
Abstract: Observed supercell updrafts consistently produce the fastest mid- to upper-tropospheric vertical velocities among all modes of convection. Two hypotheses for this feature are investigated. ...

54 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a parametric hurricane wind model based on the asymmetric Holland-type vortex model was developed to predict hurricane waves and storm surges, which led to better agreement with field observation compared with the results from the unmodified model.
Abstract: A parametric hurricane wind model has been developed based on the asymmetric Holland-type vortex model. The model creates a two-dimensional surface wind field based on the National Hurricane Center forecast (or observed) hurricane wind and track data. Three improvements have been made to retain consistency between the input parameters and the model output and to better resolve the asymmetric structure of the hurricane. First, in determination of the shape parameter B, the Coriolis effect is included and the range restriction is removed. It is found that ignoring the Coriolis effect can lead to an error greater than 20% in the maximum wind speed for weak but large tropical cyclones. Second, the effect of the translational velocity of a hurricane is excluded from the input of specified wind speeds before applying the Holland-type vortex to avoid exaggeration of the wind asymmetry. The translational velocity is added back in at the very end of the procedure. Third, a new method has been introduced to develop a weighted composite wind field that makes full use of all wind parameters, not just the largest available specified wind speed and its 4-quadrant radii. An idealized hurricane and two historical Gulf of Mexico hurricanes have been used to test the model. It is found that the modified parametric model leads to better agreement with field observation compared with the results from the unmodified model. This will result in better predictions of hurricane waves and storm surges.

54 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that flight paths of soaring seabirds can be used to estimate fine-scale ocean surface winds, potentially complementing conventional wind measurements by covering spatial and temporal measurement gaps.
Abstract: Ocean surface winds are an essential factor in understanding the physical interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean. Surface winds measured by satellite scatterometers and buoys cover most of the global ocean; however, there are still spatial and temporal gaps and finer-scale variations of wind that may be overlooked, particularly in coastal areas. Here, we show that flight paths of soaring seabirds can be used to estimate fine-scale (every 5 min, ∼5 km) ocean surface winds. Fine-scale global positioning system (GPS) positional data revealed that soaring seabirds flew tortuously and ground speed fluctuated presumably due to tail winds and head winds. Taking advantage of the ground speed difference in relation to flight direction, we reliably estimated wind speed and direction experienced by the birds. These bird-based wind velocities were significantly correlated with wind velocities estimated by satellite-borne scatterometers. Furthermore, extensive travel distances and flight duration of the seabirds enabled a wide range of high-resolution wind observations, especially in coastal areas. Our study suggests that seabirds provide a platform from which to measure ocean surface winds, potentially complementing conventional wind measurements by covering spatial and temporal measurement gaps.

54 citations

ReportDOI
01 Oct 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, wind stress averages for the entire Mediterranean Sea for one degree longitude squares were calculated from ship observations of wind speed and wind direction using a quadratic law with variable drag coefficient and individual stresses were averaged by month over the 20-year base period, 1950-1970, to obtain the climatology.
Abstract: : Climatological wind stress averages have been calculated for the entire Mediterranean Sea for one degree longitude squares. The individual stresses were estimated from ship observations of wind speed and wind direction using a quadratic law with variable drag coefficient. Individual stresses were averaged by month over the 20-year base period, 1950-1970, to obtain the climatology. Smoothed versions of the monthly wind stress estimates, appropriate for forcing numerical models, were also calculated. Wind stresses exhibit the major wind patterns that are well-known features of the Mediterranean circulation. The Mistral, Boro, and Etesian wind systems are the most evident of the area's features. The seasonal cycles, the curl, and the variance of the wind stresses are presented. Several interesting aspects of the relationship of the Mistral to the formation of bottom water in the Golfe du Lion region are discussed.

54 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023155
2022347
2021165
2020157
2019187
2018165