Topic
Withania somnifera
About: Withania somnifera is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2116 publications have been published within this topic receiving 43404 citations. The topic is also known as: Ashwaganda & Indian ginseng.
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TL;DR: NaDC–AgNPs initiated early germination response in Withania seeds by breaking the physical dormancy with the highest TGP, and SEM analysis of seeds showed clear evidence of scarification effects over NaDC– AgNPs-treated seeds.
Abstract: Plant population growth and persistence are strongly influenced by germination and recruitment, which can be dramatically affected by seed dormancy. Generally, pre-sowing weakens physical dormancy and initiates seed germination, but Withania somnifera seeds are an exception in this case. The basic objective of this study was to develop an alternate protocol to break the physical dormancy in W. somnifera seeds using deoxycholic acid capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). For this, high surface reactive silver nanoparticles were synthesized using sodium deoxycholic acid (NaDC) as a reducing agent (NaDC–AgNPs). Seed sets were concurrently soaked with NaDC–AgNPs (20 ppm), and sodium deoxycholate (20 ppm), gibberellic acid (GA3; 20 ppm) and water as control for different durations (20, 30, 60 and 90 min). Germination was initiated under tissue culture conditions. NaDC–AgNPs-treated seeds showed uniform germination quality of the highest order and increased total germination percentage (TGP) in short time; it was about 93.3% on the fifth day of culture. GA3 and NaDC-treated seeds showed TGP of 36.6 and 63.33 at the 15th day of culture respectively. NaDC–AgNPs-treated seedlings showed enhanced growth by fresh weight (31.33 mg), radicle length (16.88 mm) and cotyledon length (8.21 mm) compared to control. SEM analysis of seeds showed clear evidence of scarification effects over NaDC–AgNPs-treated seeds. Thus NaDC–AgNPs initiated early germination response in Withania seeds by breaking the physical dormancy with the highest TGP.
10 citations
TL;DR: This is the first report of inverse relation of age with human serum FOXO3A and SIRT3 and can be excellent marker for ageing with good therapeutic importance for maintaining healthy ageing.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a rapid, selective, and reproducible bioanalytical method was developed and validated for seven withanosides and withanolides as per USFDA/EMA guidelines, further applied to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of Withania somnifera root extract (WSE) constituents in male Sprague Dawley rats.
Abstract: Withania somnifera is a traditional Indian herb described under the ‘Rasayana’ class in Ayurveda, which gained immense popularity as a dietary supplement in the USA, Europe, Asia, and the Indian domestic market. Despite enormous research on the pharmacological effect of withanosides and withanolides, bioanalytical method development and pharmacokinetics remained challenging and unexplored for these constituents due to isomeric and isobaric characteristics. In current research work, molecular descriptors, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity prediction (ADMET) of these constituents were performed using Molinspiration and admetSAR tools. A rapid, selective, and reproducible bioanalytical method was developed and validated for seven withanosides and withanolides as per USFDA/EMA guidelines, further applied to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of Withania somnifera root extract (WSE) constituents in male Sprague Dawley rats at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Additionally, an ex vivo permeability study was carried out to explore the absorption pattern of withanosides and withanolides from the intestinal lumen. In silico, ADMET revealed oral bioavailability of withanosides and withanolides following Lipinski’s rules of five with significant absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Upon oral administration of WSE, Cmax was found to be 13.833 ± 3.727, 124.415 ± 64.932, 57.536 ± 7.523, and 7.283 ± 3.341 ng/mL for withanoside IV, withaferin A, 12-Deoxy-withastramonolide, and withanolide A, respectively, with Tmax of 0.750 ± 0.000, 0.250 ± 0.000, 0.291 ± 0.102, and 0.333 ± 0.129 h. Moreover, at a given dose, withanoside V, withanolide B, and withanone were detected in plasma; however, the concentration of these constituents was found below LLOQ. Thus, these four major withanoside and withanolides were quantified in plasma supported by ex vivo permeation data exhibiting a time-dependent absorption of withanosides and withanolides across the intestinal barrier. These composite findings provide insights to design a clinical trial of WSE as a potent nutraceutical.
10 citations
TL;DR: High frequency of callus induction was achieved from shoot tip explants of Withania somnifera (Hindi name-Ashwagandha) as compared to leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with IAA and Kinetin, and it was found suitable for complete plant regeneration through meristem culture.
Abstract: High frequency of callus induction was achieved from shoot tip explants (80%) of Withania somnifera (Hindi name-Ashwagandha) as compared to leaf explants (70%), on MS medium supplemented with IAA (56μM) and Kinetin (56μM). When hormone-free MS medium was fortified with vitamins [thiamine. HCI (3μM), nicotinic acid (40.7μM) and pyridoxine. HCI (24.3μM)], it was found suitable for complete plant regeneration through meristem culture.
10 citations
TL;DR: The observations suggest that modulation of physiological functions of gut microbiota may be involved in the mode of action of Withania somnifera root extracts, and Ashwagandha metabolites other than withanolides contribute to its stress resistance increasing effects.
Abstract: Background: The objective of the study is to compare stress resistance-promoting effect of triethylene glycol (TEG) and root extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) i.e. withanolide-free root extract of Withania somnifera (WFWS). Materials and Methods: Mice groups treated orally with 10 mg/kg TEG or WFWS (3.3, 10, 33.3, or 100 mg/kg) for 12 consecutive days were subjected to foot shock stress-triggered hyperthermia test on the 1st, 5th, 7th and 10th day and to marble-burying test on the following 2 days. Effects of treatment on stress-triggered alteration in body weight, core temperature, blood glucose, insulin and cortisol level were quantified and statistically analyzed. Results: WFWS doses up to 10 mg/kg/day were as effective as TEG in affording protection against stress-triggered alteration in body weight, core temperature and marble-burying behavior. Protection against stress-triggered alteration in blood glucose and insulin level, as well as antidepressants or anxiolytic-like activities in the behavioral test, were observed in the higher two WFWS doses (33.3 and 100 mg/kg) treated groups only. Conclusion: Ashwagandha metabolites other than withanolides contribute to its stress resistance increasing effects. The observations suggest that modulation of physiological functions of gut microbiota may be involved in the mode of action of Withania somnifera root extracts.
10 citations