Showing papers on "Women's work published in 1977"

Industrialization, Monopoly Capitalism, and Women's Work in Guatemala

Abstract: For different reasons, Marxists, feminists, and developmentalists have called attention to the alarming numbers of women in Third World countries who can neither depend on a "family wage" nor find employment in economies in which cash income is becoming increasingly necessary.1 Surprisingly, very little is really understood about the political economy of women's work, the factors which determine when and where women are employed, and the social and political consequences of particular configurations of "women's work." Sex segregation in the labor force or exclusion from employment altogether is most often attributed to "tradition" or "male chauvinist attitudes" with little con-

Women's Work and Women's Education The Case of Home Economics, 1870-1920

Abstract: The most common explanation of educational change hinges on a "technical-function" theory. Technical-functionalists explain educational expansion primarily in terms of preparation for jobs newly created by technological innovation and economic transformations. This case study raises questions about that simple and direct interpretation of the relationship between educational and occupational change. The shifting occupational patterns of women, changing immigration patterns, and increasing emigration from farms to cities affected the midwest, northeast, south, and west differently. Although women's education, which was synonymous with home economics education, arose at different times and took different forms in each of these regions, in all of them it was a formula to preserve a passing order and control change. Home economics education was to divert women from employment outside the home by upgrading the status of housework, thus, placing the home at a competitive advantage with the alternative employmen...

Monopoly Capitalism and Women's Work during the Porfiriato:

Abstract: The industrialization process that was initiated in Mexico during the 1830s and intensified between 1880 and 1900 with the rise of imperialism caused profound changes in the relationship of women and productive work. Women were incorporated into productive areas of the incipient capitalist economy (specifically in the transformation industries of textiles and tobacco and the service sectors), at a rapid rate so that by 1895 women represented approximately 33 percent of the work force in the transformation industries and 41 percent in services, while they only represented 17 percent of the total economically active population (see Table 1). Women's employment increased until the economic crisis of 1907 when large numbers of the industrial work force, especially women, became unemployed. From 1900 to 1910 women's employment in the transformation industries declined in absolute numbers by approximately 11,000, and women were increasingly employed in agriculture, services, or joined the masses of unem*ployed as the nation entered into civil war. As women were relegated to less productive sectors of the economy in terms of commodity production, monopoly capitalism' increased its control over the Mexican economy. Women's