Wood drying

About: Wood drying is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2770 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28359 citations.

Principles of Wood Science and Technology: I Solid Wood

Abstract: Comprehensive, detailed analysis of the theoretical and experimental research in wood science and technology. Covers the anatomy, biology, chemistry, physics, and mechanical technology of wood seasoning, wood preservation methods, wood machining, surfacing and gluing. An excellent ready reference for the technologist who deals with wood as a structural material or who uses wood as a raw material in manufacturing improved wood products. Volume II will cover base and composite materials. Fully illustrated with tables, charts, diagrams; photographs of machinery. First author is at Institut fur Holzforschung und Holzetechnik. Contents: The structure of wood and the wood cell wall. Chemical composition of wood. Defects and abnormalities of wood. Biological deterioration of wood. Wood preservation. Physics of wood. Me chanics and rheology of wood. Steaming and seasoning of wood. Wood machining. Author index. Subject index. -- AATA

Thin layer solar drying of some vegetables

Abstract: In this study, a solar cabinet dryer consisting of a solar air heater and a drying cabinet, was used in drying experiments. Pumpkin, green pepper, stuffed pepper, green bean, and onion were dried in thin layers. Three different drying air velocities were applied to the process of drying to determine their effects on drying time. Fresh materials were dried by a natural sun drying method. In order to explain drying curves of these products different moisture ratio models were performed and evaluated based on their determination coefficients (R2). Our results revealed that drying air temperature could increase up to about 46°C. Drying air velocity had an important effect on drying process. Drying time changed between 30.29 and 90.43 hours for different vegetables by the solar drying. This drying time was between 48.59 and 121.81 hours for the natural sun drying. Drying curves could be explained by determined thin layer drying models satisfactorily with very high determination coeffcients.

Primary Wood Processing : Principles and Practice

Abstract: Preface.- 1. The structure of wood: form and function. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 The microscopic structure of softwoods. 1.3 The microscopic structure of hardwoods. 1.4 The microscopic structure of bark.- 2. Basic wood chemistry and cell wall ultrastructure. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 The structure of cellulose. 2.3 The cellulose microfibril and cellulose biosynthesis. 2.4 The structure of hemicelluloses. 2.5 The structure of lignin. 2.6 The cell wall structure of a softwood tracheid. 2.7 Distribution of cell constituents. 2.8 Wood extractives.- 3. Water in wood. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Some definitions. 3.3 The density of wood tissue. 3.4 The amount of air in oven-dry wood. 3.5 The fibre saturation point. 3.6 Hysteresis and adsorbed water in the cell wall. 3.7 Measuring the fibre saturation point. 3.8 Theories of adsorption. 3.9 Distribution of water within the cell wall. 3.10 Where is the adsorbed water within the cell wall? 3.11 Characteristics of adsorbed water in the cell wall.- 4. Dimensional instability in timber. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Shrinkage and swelling of wood. 4.3 Extractive bulking. 4.4 Anisotropic shrinkage and swelling of wood. 4.5 Theories for anisotropic shrinkage. 4.6 Movement and responsiveness of lumber. 4.7 Coatings. 4.8 Dimensional stabilization. 4.9 Panel products.- 5. Wood quality: in context. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Market pull or product push. 5.3 Industry requirements. 5.4 Spatial distribution within trees. 5.5 Density. 5.6 Tree form: size, compression wood and knots. 5.7 Softwood plantation silviculture. 5.8 Eucalyptus for wood production.- 6. Wood quality: multifaceted opportunities.6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Moving closer to markets. 6.3 Stiffness. 6.4 Microfibril angle. 6.5 Breeding for increased stiffness. 6.6 Acoustics to select for stiffness. 6.7 Near infrared to predict wood quality. 6.8 Strength and adsorption of energy. 6.9 Fibre length. 6.10 Spiral grain. 6.11 Heartwood. 6.12 Growth stress and reaction wood. 6.13 Endgame.- 7. Sawmilling. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Basic saw types and blades. 7.3 Mill design. 7.4 Mill efficiency. 7.5 Aspects of optimising sawlog breakdown. 7.6 Flexibility.- 8. Drying of timber. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 The drying elements. 8.3 Surface temperature. 8.4 The movement of fluids through wood. 8.5 The external drying environment. 8.6 Drying methods. 8.7 A conventional kiln schedule. 8.8 High-temperature drying above 100oC. 8.9 Drying degrade. 8.10 Practical implications of drying models.- 9. Wood preservation. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Organisms that degrade wood. 9.3 Natural durability. 9.4 Philosophy of protection. 9.5 Preservative formulations. 9.6 Treatment processes. 9.7 Health and environmental issues.- 10. Grading timber and glued structural members. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Theoretical strength of wood. 10.3 Timber grading for non-structural purposes. 10.4 Visual grading of structural lumber. 10.5 Machine-graded structural timber. 10.6 Adjusting structural timber properties for design use. 10.7 Glued structural members. 10.8 Fire. 10.9 Timber structures.- 11. Wood-based composites: plywood and veneer-based products. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Trends. 11.3 Plywood. 11.4 Raw material requirements. 11.5 Plywood manufacture. 11.6 Competition and technological change. 11.7 Sliced veneer. 11.8 Timber-like products.- 12. Wood-based panels: particleboard, fibreboards and oriented strand board. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Overview. 12.3 Markets. 12.4 Characterising wood-based panels.12.5 History of wood-based composites. 12.6 Raw materials. 12.7 Generalised panel production line. 12.8 Product standards and panel performance. 12.9 Conclusion.- 13