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Showing papers on "Workforce published in 1980"




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the workforce of a city police department is analyzed for a period in which an affirmative action program was in operation, and the goal of parity representation with the available labor force of racial minorities and women workers in the city was not realized in this police department.
Abstract: The workforce of a city police department is analyzedfor a period in which an affirmative action program was in operation. The goal of parity representation with the available labor force of racial minorities and women workers in the city was not realized in this police department. The problematic nature of "equality of employment" in city police agencies is further clarified by an examination of the employment situation in this department on two levels of explanation.

5 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: A case history of formal worker-management dialogue programs that have been successful can be found in this paper, where the authors present case histories of worker management dialogue programs, called quality control circles, quality of working life programs or labor-management committees.
Abstract: A prime U.S. resource is the workforce. Given the opportunity, workers can improve working conditions, morale, efficiency and, as a result, boost productivity. First, though, management must be willing to give workers the authority to make changes. For those companies who do, results can be dramatic. Here are case histories of formal worker-management dialogue programs that have been successful. Called quality control circles, quality of working life programs or labor-management committees, the programs have one thing in common: formal communications between all levels of workers.

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the extent to which female employment is compatible with raising a family using a simulataneous equation model of household decision making and a model which accounts for supply constraints on family size.
Abstract: This paper examines the extent to which female employment is compatible with raising a family. A simulataneous equation model of household decision making and a model which accounts for supply constraints on family size are used. Variables in the empirical model include: 1) children ever-born 2) female work force participation and 3) child deaths. Data are derived from a large 1972 household survey in Belo Horizonte Brazils 3rd largest city. The annual birth and death rates in Belo Horizonte are 35 and 12/1000 respectively. Of the 3612 households surveyed 2445 were used in this study; 8079 individuals are represented. The characteristics of the population include: 1) young individuals (70% were below 40 years) 2) low educational levels and 3) predominantly migrants. The results of the analysis are that: 1) income exerts a positive effect on fertility 2) child mortality is highly significant in children ever-born 3) childbearing approaches a limit of 5 children at the age of 36 4) the impact of education on children ever-born varies notably 5) formal workforce participation has a negative influence on family size 6) as economic development takes place and the structure of employment opportunities changes there may be a depressing impact on family size and population growth rates and 7) the number and ages of the children at home have a relatively small impact on female workforce participation. The impact of education is quite different over various ranges of the educational continuum. While moving from a level of no education to a college level average child mortality is reduced by 0.4. Around 75% of this reduction occurs by simply providing a complete primary education.

4 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, Vosburgh presents a strategy for developing a career-planning system which takes account of the individual employee's needs within the corporate structure.
Abstract: The success of an organization depends, to some extent, on a satisfied, challenged workforce. Career planning is a key element in personnel's efforts to reach this goal, and in this article, Vosburgh presents a strategy for developing a career-planning system which takes account of the individual employee's needs within the corporate structure.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ostell et al. as mentioned in this paper evaluated the impact of communicating business information to a large industrial workforce and found that the exercise was successful in terms of informing employees but it apparently failed to motivate them to act or think differently.
Abstract: In this article Alistair Ostell and his colleagues discuss a study which evaluated the impact of communicating business information to a large industrial workforce. The results indicated that the exercise was successful in terms of informing employees but it apparently failed to motivate them to act or think differently.

3 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is appropriate therefore, that the issue of integration of handicapped children into ordinary schools be debated but also that the contexts in which such a development could occur be clarified.
Abstract: The Warnock report' has raised many issues relevant to child health. Among these are the arguments for and against the integration of handicapped children into ordinary schools. This aspect has been given topical prominence by the affirmation of the Secretary for Education of his support for the implementation of section 10 of the 1976 Education Act.2 This states that, subject to certain qualifications and from a date to be determined, handicapped pupils in England and Wales should be educated in ordinary schools in preference to special schools. It is appropriate therefore, that not only should the issue of integration be debated but also that the contexts in which such a development could occur be clarified.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In a case study of a primary school which was forced to close at short notice, child care problems for working mothers are explored and in this instance are found to be minimal.


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the Australian National Population Inquirys First Report (1975) and Supplementary Report (1978) and argue that the methods employed for fertility projections fall short of providing an adequate analysis for the development of social policy in respect of employment policies and migration programmes.
Abstract: This paper evaluates the [Australian] National Population Inquirys First Report (1975) and Supplementary Report (1978) and argues that the methods employed for fertility projections fall short of providing an adequate analysis for the development of social policy in respect of employment policies and migration programmes. Specifically the author argues that the Reports do not seriously address the possibility that fertility might continue to decline below replacement level with consequent implications for womens increasing labour force participation. The likely effects of population structure on future employment/unemployment policies are discussed in [relation to] the increased demand for skilled labour and the decreased demand for unskilled labour in a changing labour market. The major point raised is the dilemma of relying on short-term immigration policies to provide skilled labour at the expense of providing training for the indigenous potential workforce and retraining for women. (EXCERPT)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a survey of employees of eight major public agencies in the State of Texas was conducted to examine the range and distribution of professional employees in public employment, and to assess their personal characteristics and occupational attitudes.
Abstract: This article is based on a survey of employees of eight major public agencies in the State of Texas. The purposes of the survey were to examine the range and distribution of professional employees in public employment, and to assess their personal characteristics and occupational attitudes. Among the conclusions of the research are that the public workforce is characterized by tremendous occupational diversity, that this heterogeneity contributes to motivational problems among public employees, and that the public "work ethic" appears to be eroding. The author analyzes these conclusions in terms of their significance to the personnel function.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The majority of the working population of the city of Brandon, Manitoba is employed either in private-sector retail trade and service establishments or in the public sector as mentioned in this paper ; however, recent estimates suggest that at least 50 percent of the workforce are employed by the government.
Abstract: Brandon is a small city in Manitoba with a population of about 35,000. Situated in a major agricultural region, the city functions primarily as a distribution and service center. Consequently the majority of the working population are employed either in private-sector retail trade and service establishments or in the public sector—local government, health services, education, and provincial and federal government offices; indeed, recent estimates suggest that at least 50 percent of the workforce are employed by the public sector.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Work Group Discussion Scheme (WGS) as discussed by the authors provides a mechanism whereby problems can be tackled at local level using vertically structured discussion groups, and the results indicated an improvement in communications, more constructive attitudes amongst the workforce, and a drop in industrial disputes.
Abstract: Participation can either be ‘imposed’ on an organization or be encouraged to develop from within through fostering an atmosphere of trust and cooperation between employees and management. This is an account of the implementation within the Port of London Authority of a scheme whose objectives were to enhance communications between all levels of the workforce in the hope that an atmosphere of mutual trust and support would develop. The Work Group Discussion Scheme, as it was called, provided a mechanism whereby problems could be tackled at local level using vertically structured discussion groups. The scheme was assessed over an 18 month period and the results indicated an improvement in communications, more constructive attitudes amongst the workforce, and a drop in industrial disputes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The author believes that renewed emphasis on neonatal intensive care in house staff training programs provided at the appropriate level of training, although it conflicts with the recommendations of the Task Force on Pediatric Education, will improve the overall level of neonatal care in the United States.




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The expression "employment adjustment" is frequently used not only in labor-management negotiations but also in the mass media as mentioned in this paper, which is not a legal term and has been used loosely in many contexts.
Abstract: The expression "employment adjustments" is frequently used not only in labor-management negotiations but also in the mass media. It is not a legal term and it has been used loosely in many contexts. Normally, however, it means reductions in the workforce via lay-offs, detailing to subsidiary firms, and temporary reassignments of workers. In addition, it includes hiring freezes and lowering of the mandatory retirement age. In short, what is implied by "employment adjustment" is the saving of labor power with the objective of saving labor cost. It exerts fundamental impacts on the working and living conditions of workers, thereby playing a crucially important role in labor-management relations.