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X chromosome

About: X chromosome is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9862 publications have been published within this topic receiving 407354 citations. The topic is also known as: GO:0000805 & chrX.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The causes and consequences of failure to silence the entire X chromosome are examined, the impact of the evolutionary history of the X (and Y) chromosome is discussed, and the bioinformatic approaches that promise to provide new insights into the genomic architecture of genes or regions that escape X-chromosome inactivation are discussed.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2008-Genetics
TL;DR: The results of a large experiment on the reciprocal introgression of the X chromosome between two species of house mice revealed a complex and asymmetric genetic basis to X-linked hybrid male sterility during the early stages of speciation in mice.
Abstract: The X chromosome plays a central role in the evolution of reproductive isolation, but few studies have examined the genetic basis of X-linked incompatibilities during the early stages of speciation. We report the results of a large experiment focused on the reciprocal introgression of the X chromosome between two species of house mice, Mus musculus and M. domesticus. Introgression of the M. musculus X chromosome into a wild-derived M. domesticus genetic background produced male-limited sterility, qualitatively consistent with previous experiments using classic inbred strains to represent M. domesticus. The genetic basis of sterility involved a minimum of four X-linked factors. The phenotypic effects of major sterility QTL were largely additive and resulted in complete sterility when combined. No sterility factors were uncovered on the M. domesticus X chromosome. Overall, these results revealed a complex and asymmetric genetic basis to X-linked hybrid male sterility during the early stages of speciation in mice. Combined with data from previous studies, we identify one relatively narrow interval on the M. musculus X chromosome involved in hybrid male sterility. Only a handful of spermatogenic genes are within this region, including one of the most rapidly evolving genes on the mouse X chromosome.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Dec 1991-Nature
TL;DR: The isolation of a new testis-specific gene, Sby, mapping to the DNA deleted from the Sxrb region (the ΔSxrb interval), which has extensive homology to the X-linked human ubiquitin-activating enzyme El.
Abstract: THE Sxr (sex-reversed) region, a fragment of the Y chromosome short arm, can cause chromosomally female XXSxr or XSxrO mice to develop as sterile males1–3. The original Sxr region, termed Sxra, encodes: Tdy, the primary sex-determining gene; Hya, the controlling or structural locus for the minor transplantation antigen H–Y (ref. 4); gene(s) controlling the expression of the serologically detected male antigen (SDMA)5; Spy, a gene(s) required for the survival and proliferation of A spermatogonia during spermatogenesis6,7; Zfy-l/Zfy-2, zinc-finger-containing genes of unknown function8; and Sry, which is probably identical to Tdy (ref. 9). A deletion variant10 of Sxra, termed Sxrb, which lacks Hya, SDMA expression, Spy and some Zfy-2 sequences, makes positional cloning of these genes possible. We report here the isolation of a new testis-specific gene, Sby, mapping to the DNA deleted from the Sxrb region (the ΔSxrb interval). Sby has extensive homology to the X-linked human ubiquitin-activating enzyme El (ref. 11). The critical role of this enzyme in nuclear DNA replication12 together with the testis-specific expression of Sby suggests Sby as a candidate for the spermatogenic gene Spy.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2003-Genetics
TL;DR: This study supports the notion that the X chromosome plays a special role in the evolution of reproductive isolation and estimates that the whole genome contains approximately 15 HMS "equivalents"-i.e., 15 times the minimum number of incompatibility factors necessary to cause complete sterility.
Abstract: The genetic basis of hybrid incompatibility in crosses between Drosophila mauritiana and D. simulans was investigated to gain insight into the evolutionary mechanisms of speciation. In this study, segments of the D. mauritiana third chromosome were introgressed into a D. simulans genetic background and tested as homozygotes for viability, male fertility, and female fertility. The entire third chromosome was covered with partially overlapping segments. Many segments were male sterile, while none were female sterile or lethal, confirming previous reports of the rapid evolution of hybrid male sterility (HMS). A statistical model was developed to quantify the HMS accumulation. In comparison with previous work on the X chromosome, we estimate that the X has approximately 2.5 times the density of HMS factors as the autosomes. We also estimate that the whole genome contains approximately 15 HMS "equivalents"-i.e., 15 times the minimum number of incompatibility factors necessary to cause complete sterility. Although some caveats for the quantitative estimate of a 2.5-fold density difference are described, this study supports the notion that the X chromosome plays a special role in the evolution of reproductive isolation. Possible mechanisms of a "large X" effect include selective fixation of new mutations that are recessive or partially recessive and the evolution of sex-ratio distortion systems.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that double X dosage interferes with differentiation, thus ensuring a tight coupling between X chromosome dosage compensation and development.

160 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202372
2022124
2021192
2020179
2019190
2018186