scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

X chromosome

About: X chromosome is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9862 publications have been published within this topic receiving 407354 citations. The topic is also known as: GO:0000805 & chrX.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
16 Jul 1993-Science
TL;DR: Investigation of pedigree and linkage analyses on 114 families of homosexual men found increased rates of same-sex orientation were found in the maternal uncles and male cousins of these subjects, but not in their fathers or paternal relatives, suggesting the possibility of sex-linked transmission in a portion of the population.
Abstract: The role of genetics in male sexual orientation was investigated by pedigree and linkage analyses on 114 families of homosexual men Increased rates of same-sex orientation were found in the maternal uncles and male cousins of these subjects, but not in their fathers or paternal relatives, suggesting the possibility of sex-linked transmission in a portion of the population DNA linkage analysis of a selected group of 40 families in which there were two gay brothers and no indication of nonmaternal transmission revealed a correlation between homosexual orientation and the inheritance of polymorphic markers on the X chromosome in approximately 64 percent of the sib-pairs tested The linkage to markers on Xq28, the subtelomeric region of the long arm of the sex chromosome, had a multipoint lod score of 40 (P = 10(-5), indicating a statistical confidence level of more than 99 percent that at least one subtype of male sexual orientation is genetically influenced

787 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1991-Science
TL;DR: Structurally distinct sex chromosomes are the most familiar mode of genetic sex determination and have evolved independently in many different taxa and the evolutionary paths by which their characteristic properties may have evolved are reviewed.
Abstract: Structurally distinct sex chromosomes (X and Y) are the most familiar mode of genetic sex determination and have evolved independently in many different taxa. The evolutionary paths by which their characteristic properties may have evolved are reviewed. These properties include the failure of X and Y to recombine through much or all of their length, the genetic inertness of much of the Y chromosome, dosage compensation of the activity of X chromosomal loci, and the accumulation of repeated DNA sequences on the Y chromosome.

765 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although the function of imprinting remains a subject of some debate, the process is thought to have an important role in regulating the rate of fetal growth.
Abstract: A handful of autosomal genes in the mammalian genome are inherited in a silent state from one of the two parents, and in a fully active form from the other, thereby rendering the organism functionally hemizygous for imprinted genes. To date 19 imprinted genes have been identified; 5 are expressed from the maternal chromosome while the rest are expressed from the paternal chromosome. Allele-specific methylation of CpG residues, established in one of the germlines and maintained throughout embryogenesis, has been clearly implicated in the maintenance of imprinting in somatic cells. Although the function of imprinting remains a subject of some debate, the process is thought to have an important role in regulating the rate of fetal growth.

764 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
21 Aug 1975-Nature
TL;DR: In an effort to determine the embryonic stage at which the X chromosome initiates differentiation in famale mouse embryos heterozygous for Cattanach's translocaton, it was found that the mosaic composition was consistently biased in extraembryonic membranes, whereas it was not necessarily so in the embryonic body.
Abstract: RANDOM X inactivation makes the female mammal a natural mosaic for clones of cells having either the maternally derived X (Xm) or paternally derived one (Xp) which is genetically inactive1. There are, however, instances in which inactivation is obviously not random2–7. Non-randomness was inferred from studies made on differentiated cells remote from early embryonic cells in which inactivation occurred. Thus it is not clear whether the randomness of the X inactivation process was influenced or whether cell selection occurring after random inactivation was responsible for the ultimate non-random appearance4–9. In an effort to determine the embryonic stage at which the X chromosome initiates differentiation in famale mouse embryos heterozygous for Cattanach's translocaton10, we found that the mosaic composition was consistently biased in extraembryonic membranes, whereas it was not necessarily so in the embryonic body.

750 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings indicate that the X chromosome has a predominant role in pre-meiotic stages of mammalian spermatogenesis, and hypothesize that theX chromosome acquired this prominent role in male germ-cell development as it evolved from an ordinary, unspecialized autosome.
Abstract: Spermatogonia are the self-renewing, mitotic germ cells of the testis from which sperm arise by means of the differentiation pathway known as spermatogenesis1. By contrast with hematopoietic and other mammalian stem-cell populations, which have been subjects of intense molecular genetic investigation, spermatogonia have remained largely unexplored at the molecular level. Here we describe a systematic search for genes expressed in mouse spermatogonia, but not in somatic tissues. We identified 25 genes (19 of which are novel) that are expressed in only male germ cells. Of the 25 genes, 3 are Y-linked and 10 are X-linked. If these genes had been distributed randomly in the genome, one would have expected zero to two of the genes to be X-linked. Our findings indicate that the X chromosome has a predominant role in pre-meiotic stages of mammalian spermatogenesis. We hypothesize that the X chromosome acquired this prominent role in male germ-cell development as it evolved from an ordinary, unspecialized autosome.

747 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Exon
38.3K papers, 1.7M citations
90% related
Mutation
45.2K papers, 2.6M citations
89% related
Gene mutation
41.4K papers, 1.3M citations
87% related
Intron
23.8K papers, 1.3M citations
86% related
Locus (genetics)
42.7K papers, 2M citations
85% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202372
2022124
2021192
2020179
2019190
2018186