Topic
X-ray tube
About: X-ray tube is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2434 publications have been published within this topic receiving 18172 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the field emitters comprised of aligned carbon nanotubes are shown to be promising as a primary electron source in an x-ray tube working in a nonultrahigh vacuum ambience.
Abstract: Field emitters comprised of aligned carbon nanotubes are shown to be promising as a primary electron source in an x-ray tube working in a nonultrahigh vacuum ambience. At a pressure of 2×10−7 Torr, the nanotube emitters continue to emit electrons for more than 1 h, and yield better resolved x-ray images than do thermionic emitters, independently of whether the sample is biological or nonbiological. The near-uniformity in energy distribution of electrons emitted from carbon nanotubes might be related to the improved image quality in the field-emission mode.
431 citations
TL;DR: A semiempirical model for generating tungsten target x-ray spectra is presented, in which both bremsstrahlung and characteristic x-rays production are assumed to occur at varying depths within the target.
Abstract: A semiempirical model for generating tungsten target x-ray spectra is presented. This model extends earlier work in two significant areas. First, both bremsstrahlung and characteristic x-ray production are assumed to occur at varying depths within the target. Second, optimal parameters for the model were determined from experimental spectra utilizing nonlinear least-squares techniques. As a result, good agreement is obtained between calculated and measured x-ray tube spectra and output for different target angles and a wide range of x-ray tube potentials. Such is not the case with previously published models.
409 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, an x-ray tube providing excellent assembleability and handleability is provided on the surface of a stem 3, where an electrically conductive metallized layer 11 extends from lower edge portion 8 a of the focussing electrode 8 to the low voltage cathode pin 5 a.
Abstract: An x-ray tube providing excellent assembleability and handleability. An electrically conductive metallized layer 11 is provided on the surface of a stem 3. Therefore, when the x-ray tube 1 is being produced, thermally fusing nature of brazing material A provided between the stem 3 and the lower edge portion 8 a of the focussing electrode 8 can be improved by the metallized layer 11. Further, the metallized layer 11 extends from the lower edge portion 8 a of the focussing electrode 8 to the low voltage cathode pin 5 a. Therefore, electric continuity between the focussing electrode 8 and the low voltage cathode pin 5 a is achieved on the surface 3 a of the stem 3. There is no need for separate wiring operations after the x-ray tube 1 is assembled. Connection between the focussing electrode 8 and the cathode pin 5 a can be completed simultaneously with completion of the brazing connection.
336 citations
TL;DR: The penetration characteristics of electron beams into x-ray targets are investigated for incident electron kinetic energies in the range 50-150 keV and the crudity of the use of the Thomson-Whiddington law to describe electron penetration and energy loss is highlighted.
Abstract: The penetration characteristics of electron beams into x-ray targets are investigated for incident electron kinetic energies in the range 50-150 keV. The frequency densities of electrons penetrating to a depth x in a target, with a fraction of initial kinetic energy, u, are calculated using Monte Carlo methods for beam energies of 50, 80, 100, 120 and 150 keV in a tungsten target. The frequency densities for 100 keV electrons in Al, Mo and Re targets are also calculated. A mixture of simple modeling with equations and interpolation from data is used to generalize the calculations in tungsten. Where possible, parameters derived from the Monte Carlo data are compared to experimental measurements. Previous electron transport approximations in the semiempirical models of other authors are discussed and related to this work. In particular, the crudity of the use of the Thomson-Whiddington law to describe electron penetration and energy loss is highlighted. The results presented here may be used towards calculating the target self-attenuation correction for bremsstrahlung photons emitted within a tungsten target.
243 citations
TL;DR: The first experimental soft-tissue phase-contrast tomography results using a conventional x-ray tube source, with a millimeter-sized focal spot, are reported, demonstrating the advantageous contrast attainable through phase- Contrast imaging over conventional attenuation-based approaches.
Abstract: We report the first experimental soft-tissue phase-contrast tomography results using a conventional x-ray tube source, with a millimeter-sized focal spot. The setup is based on a Talbot-Lau grating interferometer operated at a mean energy of 28 keV. We present three-dimensional ex vivo images of a chicken heart sample, fixated in formalin. The results clearly demonstrate the advantageous contrast attainable through phase-contrast imaging over conventional attenuation-based approaches.
147 citations