Topic
Xanthine
About: Xanthine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4046 publications have been published within this topic receiving 129820 citations. The topic is also known as: Xanthine.
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TL;DR: Distribution of xanthine oxidase in various rat tissues was measured by this method, and it was shown that the activity was high in the liver, the small intestine, and the spleen and that the formation of uric acid was not influenced by uricase.
224 citations
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TL;DR: Superoxide-dependent formation of OH· can be measured by its ability to hydroxylate salicylate as followed by an improved colorimetric assay described in this paper.
222 citations
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TL;DR: The OXANO/OXANOH couple provides a prototype for future development of improved low molecular weight superoxide dismutase mimics which will also function in cellular hydrophobic (aprotic) compartments such as membranes.
222 citations
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TL;DR: The results suggest that endogenous excitatory amino acids are released consequent to the formation of free radicals, and the excess of glutamate and aspartate released by this mechanism could be one of the factors contributing to the death of neurons after anoxic or ischemic injuries.
Abstract: The release of D-[3H]aspartate, [3H]noradrenaline, and of endogenous glutamate and aspartate from rat hippocampal slices was significantly increased when the slices were incubated with xanthine oxidase plus xanthine to produce superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals locally. Allopurinol, a specific xanthine oxidase inhibitor, the hy-droxyl-radical scavenger D-mannitol, or the superoxide-radical scavenger system formed by superoxide dismutase plus catalase prevented this release. These results suggest that endogenous excitatory amino acids are released consequent to the formation of free radicals. The excess of glutamate and aspartate released by this mechanism could be one of the factors contributing to the death of neurons after anoxic or ischemic injuries.
221 citations
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TL;DR: The potency of xanthine derivatives as adenosine antagonists was studied in fat cells and hippocampal slices (A2-receptors) and on L-[3H]phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA) binding in membranes from rat cortex.
220 citations