Topic
Xanthine
About: Xanthine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4046 publications have been published within this topic receiving 129820 citations. The topic is also known as: Xanthine.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: Different pteridine derivatives were investigated for their inhibitory action on xanthine oxidase, and the most characteristic features of an inhibitor are aromaticity and no substitution at position 7 of the pTeridine ring.
75 citations
01 Jan 1984
75 citations
TL;DR: Four patients in a kindred who have had hyperuricemia, uric acid crystalluria and stones, were found to have partial deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity, and the pattern of inheritance is consistent with the observation that the activity of HGPRT is determined by a gene on the X chromosome.
75 citations
TL;DR: Modification of DNA by HOCl/NO2 (presumably generating NO2Cl) produces a pattern of DNA base damage products in isolated DNA that is similar to the pattern produced by HO Cl but not other reactive species.
75 citations
TL;DR: Alterations in the methylation processes in the serotonin pathways and purine metabolism seem to be associated with chronic exposure to cocaine.
Abstract: Mapping metabolic “signatures” can provide new insights into addictive mechanisms and potentially identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We examined the differences in metabolites related to the tyrosine, tryptophan, purine, and oxidative stress pathways between cocaine-dependent subjects and healthy controls. Several of these metabolites serve as biological indices underlying the mechanisms of reinforcement, toxicity, and oxidative stress. Metabolomic analysis was performed in 18 DSM-IV-diagnosed cocaine-dependent individuals with at least 2 weeks of abstinence and ten drug-free controls. Plasma concentrations of 37 known metabolites were analyzed and compared using a liquid chromatography electrochemical array platform. Multivariate analyses were used to study the relationship between severity of drug use [Addiction Severity Index (ASI) scores] and biological measures. Cocaine subjects showed significantly higher levels of n-methylserotonin (p < 0.0017) and guanine (p < 0.0031) and lower concentrations of hypoxanthine (p < 0.0002), anthranilate (p < 0.0024), and xanthine (p < 0.012), compared to controls. Multivariate analyses showed that a combination of n-methylserotonin and xanthine contributed to 73% of the variance in predicting the ASI scores (p < 0.0001). Logistic regression showed that a model combining n-methylserotonin, xanthine, xanthosine, and guanine differentiated cocaine and control groups with no overlap. Alterations in the methylation processes in the serotonin pathways and purine metabolism seem to be associated with chronic exposure to cocaine. Given the preliminary nature and cross-sectional design of the study, the findings need to be confirmed in larger samples of cocaine-dependent subjects, preferably in a longitudinal design.
74 citations