Topic
Xanthone
About: Xanthone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1639 publications have been published within this topic receiving 25870 citations. The topic is also known as: 9-oxo-xanthene & Diphenyline ketone oxide.
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TL;DR: It was deduced that the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety at C-10 contributed to the cytotoxicity of gambogic acid.
Abstract: In this study, the stability of gambogic acid (GA), a polyprenylated xanthone with potent cytotoxicities against various cancer cell lines, was evaluated under several experimental conditions including addition of acids, alkalis and organic solvents. GA was stable when dissolved in acetone, acetonitrile, and chloroform, even when acids were added. However, a new derivative was produced after GA was stored in the methanol solution for a week at room temperature. The addition of alkalis could increase the rate of this chemical transformation. This derivative was determined to be gambogoic acid (GOA) by the HPLC-MS comparison with the known compound. GOA was proposed to be the product of neuclophilic addition of methanol to the olefinic bond at C-10 of GA. Furthermore, when these two compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity, GOA showed significantly weaker inhibitory effects than GA. It was therefore deduced that the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety at C-10 contributed to the cytotoxicity of gambogic acid.
53 citations
TL;DR: Xanthone alleviates Pb-induced neurotoxicity, in part, by suppression of oxidative damage and reversing AChE activity with a reduction in learning deficit and memory loss.
52 citations
TL;DR: DulCisxanthones C-F and dulcinone together with 22 known compounds were isolated from the flowers of Garcinia dulcis and the abilities of some of these compounds to act as radical scavengers and antibacterial agents were investigated.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the antiperoxidative properties of α-mangostin, a xanthone isolated from mangosteen fruit, were tested for the first time in nerve tissue exposed to different toxic insults.
Abstract: The antiperoxidative properties of α-mangostin, a xanthone isolated from mangosteen fruit, were tested for the first time in nerve tissue exposed to different toxic insults. Two reliable biological preparations (rat brain homogenates and synaptosomal P2 fractions) were exposed to the toxic actions of a free radical generator (ferrous sulfate), an excitotoxic agent (quinolinate), and a mitochondrial toxin (3-nitropropionate). α-Mangostin decreased the lipoperoxidative action of FeSO4 in both preparations in a concentration-dependent manner, and completely abolished the peroxidative effects of quinolinate, 3-nitropropionate and FeSO4 + quinolinate at all concentrations tested. Interestingly, when tested alone in brain homogenates, α-mangostin significantly decreased the lipoperoxidation even below basal levels. α-Mangostin also prevented the decreased reductant capacity of mitochondria in synaptosomal fractions. Our results suggest that α-mangostin exerts a robust antiperoxidative effect in brain ti...
52 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that root cultures can be considered as a potential tool for large-scale production of extracts with stable quantities of xanthones, and antifungal activity of the total root extracts was tested against a broad panel of human fungal pathogen strains.
Abstract: Hypericum perforatum is a well-known medicinal plant which contains a wide variety of metabolites, including xanthones, which have a wide range of biological properties, including antifungal activity. In the present study, we evaluated the capability of roots regenerated from calli of H. perforatum subsp. angustifolium to produce xanthones. Root biomass was positively correlated with the indole-3-butyric acid concentration, whereas a concentration of 1 mg l−1 was the most suitable for the development of roots. High auxin concentrations also inhibited xanthone accumulation. Xanthones were produced in large amounts, with a very stable trend throughout the culture period. When the roots were treated with chitosan, the xanthone content dramatically increased, peaking after 7 days. Chitosan also induced a release of these metabolites into the culture. The maximum accumulation (14.26 ± 0.62 mg g−1 dry weight [DW]) and release (2.64 ± 0.13 mg g−1 DW) of xanthones were recorded 7 days after treatment. The most represented xanthones were isolated, purified, and spectroscopically characterized. Antifungal activity of the total root extracts was tested against a broad panel of human fungal pathogen strains (30 Candida species, 12 Cryptococcus neoformans, and 16 dermatophytes); this activity significantly increased when using chitosan. Extracts obtained after 7 days of chitosan treatment showed high antifungal activity (mean minimum inhibitory concentration of 83.4, 39.1, and 114 μg ml−1 against Candida spp., C. neoformans, and dermatophytes, respectively). Our results suggest that root cultures can be considered as a potential tool for large-scale production of extracts with stable quantities of xanthones.
52 citations