Xanthone

About: Xanthone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1639 publications have been published within this topic receiving 25870 citations. The topic is also known as: 9-oxo-xanthene & Diphenyline ketone oxide.

High-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of xanthone in rat & its application in pharmacokinetic studies

Abstract: Xanthone is one of the major bioactive secondary metabolites in Garcinia mangostana. A simple reversed-phase high performance liquid (RP-HPLC) which equipped with photodiode array detector has been developed to analyze xanthone in rat plasma. The rat plasma was treated with deproteining agent (DA) consists of acetonitrile: propanol (1:1), in the ratio of 2:1 (DA: samples). The mobile phase comprises a mixture of (A) acetonitrile containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and (B) water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. The eluting conditions were performed by gradient elution: isocratic at 30% A (0–10 min) and isocratic at 75% A (10–12min). The flow rate was 0.6 ml/min. The chromatographic separation was carried out using a C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm i. d. column) with the detector operating at 254nm. The described method was linear over a range of 0.39–50 μg/ml with mean correlation coefficient of 0.997. The developed method was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles of xanthone in rat plasma after its intravenous and oral administration. Until now, most studies were based on the pharmacological activities of xanthone using in vitro assays. There is still limitation in the in vivo studies including absorption, bioavailability, disposition and metabolism of xanthone.

N-Containing α-Mangostin Analogs via Smiles Rearrangement as the Promising Cytotoxic, Antitrypanosomal, and SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitory Agents

Abstract: New N-containing xanthone analogs of α-mangostin were synthesized via one-pot Smiles rearrangement. Using cesium carbonate in the presence of 2-chloroacetamide and catalytic potassium iodide, α-mangostin (1) was subsequently transformed in three steps to provide ether 2, amide 3, and amine 4 in good yields at an optimum ratio of 1:3:3, respectively. The evaluation of the biological activities of α-mangostin and analogs 2–4 was described. Amine 4 showed promising cytotoxicity against the non-small-cell lung cancer H460 cell line fourfold more potent than that of cisplatin. Both compounds 3 and 4 possessed antitrypanosomal properties against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense at a potency threefold stronger than that of α-mangostin. Furthermore, ether 2 gave potent SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibition by suppressing 3-chymotrypsinlike protease (3CLpro) activity approximately threefold better than that of 1. Fragment molecular orbital method (FMO–RIMP2/PCM) indicated the improved binding interaction of 2 in the 3CLpro active site regarding an additional ether moiety. Thus, the series of N-containing α-mangostin analogs prospectively enhance druglike properties based on isosteric replacement and would be further studied as potential biotically active chemical entries, particularly for anti-lung-cancer, antitrypanosomal, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 main protease applications.

Alpha-Mangostin and Gamma-Mangostin Isolated from Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) as Promising Candidates against SARS-CoV-2: A Bioinformatics Approach

Abstract: The world is endangered by the COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, people are dying in thousands every day, and without an actual treatment, it seems that bringing this global health problem to a quit is impossible. Natural products have been in constant use since ancient times and are proven by time to be effective. Medicinal plants from Indonesia may lead to the discovery of the novel drugs. Mangosteen or Garcinia mangostana L. is a native tropical fruit from Southeast Asia and is known to contain bioactive compounds. Interestingly, the main xanthone derivatives are alpha-mangostin and gamma-mangostin, these compounds have a variety of pharmacological activities such as antiviral activity. In summary, this study showed potential pharmacological benefits of alpha-mangostin and gamma-mangostin isolated from mangosteen against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, mangosteen exhibits as a valuable plant and a candidate for future drug development to fight SARS-CoV-2. However, further trials, such as in vitro and in vivo evaluation, are needed to prove the validity of these findings.

Molecular Docking of Xanthone Compounds of Mangosteen Fruits Peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) as Beta-OG Pocket Binding Inhibitor in Dengue Virus Envelope

Abstract: Objectives: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV) which is transmitted through the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. There are four widely known serotypes of dengue virus, namely DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. The dengue virus genome is composed of three structural genes (encoding C, prM / M, E). In dengue virus there is an Envelope / E section which has an important role in mediating the entry of the virus into the host cell. The crystal structure of the Envelope / E protein shows the part of the connection between Domain I and Domain II in the form of a "pocket" that can be occupied by ligands. The ligands to be used are seven xanthone compounds in the peel of the mangosteen fruit. The in silico approach was carried out using UCSF Chimera® 1.12, AutoDock® Vina and PyMOLTM 2.3.2 software to predict the potential and affinity of these xanthones as inhibitors of β-OG pocket binding. The results showed that the seventh xanthones compounds had greater affinity compared to the comparative ligand, n-octyl-β-D-glucoside. The affinity of the seventh compounds is as follows: Alpha-mangostin -7,3 kcal / mol, Beta-mangostin -7,2 kcal / mol, Gamma-mangostin -7,7 kcal / mol, Gartanin -7,0 kcal / mol, Mangostanol -8,3 kcal / mol, Mangostinone -8,6 kcal / mol, Trapezifolixanthone -7,8 kcal / mol while the comparative ligand is -6,3 kcal / mol. This shows that seventh xanthone compounds found in the peel of mangosteen fruit can be used as candidates for new drugs as inhibitors of βOG pocket binding on the envelope of the dengue virus.