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Showing papers on "XML published in 1997"


Journal Article
TL;DR: XML is an extremely simple dialect of SGML which is completely described in this document, to enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML.
Abstract: Extensible Markup Language (XML) is an extremely simple dialect of SGML which is completely described in this document. The goal is to enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. For this reason, XML has been designed for ease of implementation, and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. Note on status of this document: This is even more of a moving target than the typical W3C working draft. Several important decisions on the details of XML are still outstanding members of the W3C SGML Working Group will recognize these areas of particular volatility in the spec, but those who are not intimately familiar with the deliberative process should be careful to avoid actions based on the content of this document, until the notice you are now reading has been removed.

5,749 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: XML is the lingua franca of the wireless Web and is already being used for a host of server-server communication applications, which make it possible for different data servers to easily exchange information.
Abstract: XML is the lingua franca of the wireless Web. Its strength is in its generality: XML can describe virtually any kind of structured data. Once described, the data can be presented in other formats. Moreover, XML is already being used for a host of server-server communication applications, which make it possible for different data servers to easily exchange information. The trend toward a common format for representing data will doubtlessly present new opportunities for both Web and wireless Web clients.

1,871 citations


Patent
05 Dec 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the apparatus for processing Standard Generalized Markov Languages (SGML) documents generates a SGML conversion form file correlating a prototype file having a specific form with document type definition.
Abstract: The apparatus for processing Standard generalized markup language document generates a SGML conversion form file correlating a prototype file having a specific form with document type definition by a SGML conversion form generation module, and converts, in a case where a plain text document prepared using the specific form is converted to a SGML document, the prepared plain text document to the SGML document by referring to the SGML conversion form file in a SGML document generation module, while in a case the reverse conversion is executed, the converted SGML document is reversely converted to the plain text document by referring to the SGML conversion form file in a SGML document read-in module.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The background of EAD is reviewed and the contributions of archivists in both large and small repositories to its development are reviewed.
Abstract: Encoded Archival Description (EAD) is nearing completion and formal release as a standard. EAD attempts to overcome obstacles to intellectual access for geographically distributed primary resources by providing a standard encoding structure for archival finding aids. EAD is the most recent in a line of similar efforts to address universal intellectual access to such data, and like its predecessors, EAD applies emerging technology to the problem. The technology underlying EAD is Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and Extensible Markup Language (XML). This article reviews the background of EAD and the contributions of archivists in both large and small repositories to its development.

53 citations


Book
01 Sep 1997
TL;DR: Presenting XML will teach people about the XML language and how it will be used to speed up the Web through greater use of client-side processing; better indexing; search and retrieval; richer link types; and more complex structures.
Abstract: From the Publisher: Presenting XML will teach people about the XML language and how it will be used to speed up the Web through greater use of client-side processing; better indexing; search and retrieval; richer link types; and more complex structures. The book will cover what the XML language is, how it relates to HTML and SGML, how it will affect the Web, and kinds of applications possible. It will go over in detail what the XML specification is and will describe the basics of writing XML code, and creating XML-aware applications. An introduction to XML extensible Markup Language the slimmed down, Web enabled version of SGML from which HTML was create The XML standard is being advanced by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) as an alternative and compliment to HTML XML is neutral with respect to vendor, application, and platform, just like HTML

53 citations


Book
11 Oct 1997
TL;DR: This issue of the Web Journal looks at the technical specifications and early applications of a new data format that will rock every aspect of the World Wide Web, including markup, linking, and exchange.
Abstract: XML, a landmark in the evolution of Internet information systems, allows authors to say what they mean, rather than merely how to say it. The shift to XML will unleash a diverse range of new applications, ranging from mathematical equation structures to new browser and client tools. This issue of the Web Journal looks at the technical specifications and early applications of a new data format that will rock every aspect of the Web, including markup, linking, and exchange.

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1997
TL;DR: Displets are Java classes that are activated while rendering an HTML document that provide graphical artists a better control over the final appearance of HTML documents, librarians and indexers a better description of their content, and those in need of new notations a way to describe and use graphical objects in a manner compatible with the graphical and structural habits of the HTML community.
Abstract: Displets provide authors and programmers with a way to freely extend the HTML language on a per-document basis in a principled manner. Currently, in order to be accepted, HTML elements must be approved by the official HTML review board. Non-standard extensions have appeared, and have relied on the commercial power of the proponents for acceptance. Two major forces are driving the extension process of the HTML language: those who favor a better description of document elements, as with SGML, and those who would like better control over the final appearance of documents, as with Postscript and other display-oriented languages. Special notations (such as mathematics, music, etc.), are hardly considered—if at all—in defining the HTML standard. We designed displets to fill this frustrating gap. Displets are Java classes that are activated while rendering an HTML document. Displets provide graphical artists a better control over the final appearance of HTML documents, librarians and indexers a better description of their content, and those in need of new notations a way to describe and use graphical objects in a manner compatible with the graphical and structural habits of the HTML community.

44 citations


Book
01 Dec 1997
TL;DR: This professional learn-it and do-it guide explains what XML is, shows how to implement it, and helps you master the intricacies, valuable for Web developers and content providers alike.
Abstract: From the Publisher: HTML is like Latin-a language that soon won't be spoken anymore. The new mother tongue for creating pages on the Web is XML (eXtensible Markup Language),the second-generation HTML available with Internet Explorer 4. How can you put it to work fast? This professional learn-it and do-it guide explains what XML is,shows how to implement it,and helps you master the intricacies. Invaluable for Web developers and content providers alike.

38 citations



Journal Article

32 citations


Book
01 Feb 1997
TL;DR: Elizabeth Castro's easy-to-follow graphics show exactly what XML looks like, and her real-world examples explain how to transform and streamline the Web-site creation process by automatically updating content.
Abstract: From the Publisher: Web-maven Elizabeth Castro, who has penned Peachpit books on HTML,Perl and CGI, and Netscape, now tackles XML—an indispensable toolfor creating personalized, updated content for each visitor on yoursite. Whether you build Web pages for a living or you're taking on anew hobby, XML for the World Wide Web contains everything you need tocreate dynamic Web sites by writing XML code, developing custom XMLapplications with DTDs and schemas, transforming XML intopersonalized Web content through XSLT-based transformations, andprofessionally formatting XML documents with Cascading Style Sheets.The real power of XML lies in combining information from varioussources and generating personalized content for different visitors.Castro's easy-to-follow graphics show exactly what XML looks like,and her real-world examples explain how to transform and streamlineyour Web-site creation process by automatically updating content.


Proceedings Article
15 Oct 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose DSLs as a means to allow all kinds of agents to "speak the same language." In particular, they adopt some ideas from SGML/XML, especially the strict separation of syntax and semantics, so each agent in a collaboration is capable of applying a behavioral semantics appropriate to its role.
Abstract: The Internet provides a medium to combine human and computational entities together for ad hoc co-operative transactions. To make this possible, there must be a framework allowing all parties (human or other) to communicate with each other. The current framework makes a fundamental distinction between human agents (who use HTML) and computational agents, which use CORBA or COM. We propose DSLs as a means to allow all kinds of agents to "speak the same language." In particular we adopt some ideas (and syntax) from SGML/XML, especially the strict separation of syntax and semantics, so each agent in a collaboration is capable of applying a behavioral semantics appropriate to its role (buyer, seller, editor). We develop the example of a card game, where the syntax of the language itself implies some of the semantics of the game.


Book
01 Jul 1997
TL;DR: The SGML FAQ Book is assembled, which addresses the questions SGML users of all kinds run into in their daily work, and provides the answers to those questions, as well as recommendations on how to use SGML most effectively.
Abstract: From the Publisher: Drawing on many years of work with SGML systems, DTD's and users, Steve DeRose has assembled The SGML FAQ Book, which addresses the questions SGML users of all kinds run into in their daily work (from the Web author to the high-tech documentation specialist). In a clear, accessible style this book provides the answers to those questions, as well as recommendations on how to use SGML most effectively. The questions are organized by kinds of SGML users, ranging from authors using systems that (usually!) hide most SGML details, to authors who deal directly with SGML, to DTD designers and others who get into all the gory details.


Journal Article

01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: A model able to describe the illocutionary profile of legislative texts through meta data and an application for conceptual retrieval, based both on the model and on domain concepts ontologies are presented.
Abstract: The migration of legislative archives into Internet, the imminent "semantic web" and the expectations generated from such processes make it necessary and possible, thanks to the technologies now available, to proceed to the review of information systems and data. The access of the citizen to the legislative data will be in fact not only virtual but effective only if the informative systems will be adapted to such not specialized user. It will be necessary to modify the systems and the data: appropriate interfaces will make it easier and in some way guide the access of common user. The data also should be transparent and enriched with meta data, able to point out and make it comprehensible the meaningful aspects, also according to various user profiles. In this paper we present a model able to describe the illocutionary profile of legislative texts through meta data and an application for conceptual retrieval, based both on the model and on domain concepts ontologies. 1. Formal and functional text patterns Documentary systems are aimed at identifying, in large­sized collections, the documents meeting the user’s requirements – whether by subject­matter or not. To that end, they are provided with all the information allowing the individual documents to be distinguished as well as with summary guidelines on the basic subject. After the relevant documents have been found, the search is over: fruition of the documents is a step falling outside the scope of documentary systems. Nowadays archives including fully on­line documents are increasingly common: in this case, fruition is




Journal ArticleDOI
Yasusi Kanada1
TL;DR: A JavaScript program in a Web page can clear the page content including the program itself and generate new content and this means that a Webpage can reproduce itself by JavaScript program that is included in the page.
Abstract: A JavaScript program in a Web page can clear the page content including the program itself and generate new content. The program can generate exactly the same content including the program itself. This means that a Web page can reproduce itself by JavaScript program that is included in the page. Although exact reproduction is useless, inexact reproduction, which transform part of the content, is usable for more practical purpose. For example, Web pages that change its view from outline mode to detail mode by clicking a button in the page can be implemented using this method. This method can also applicable to other types of documents, such as SGML or XML, if the document may contain self-reproductive program. Another method for reproducing Web pages without reproducing programs is also mentioned. Reproductive Web pages partially but really work on Netscape Navigator.




01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: An overview of some of the activities that are currently going on in W3C, in particular: XML, HTML, and CSS is given.
Abstract: The World-Wide Web (The Web) interconnects machines and people all over the world. It is steadily becoming better at representing all the different languages and cultures of those people, although much still needs to be done. The World-Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is coordinating the development efforts in such areas as HTML, HTTP, style sheets, fonts, electronic payment, etc. This article gives an overview of some of the activities that are currently going on in W3C, in particular: XML, HTML, and CSS. 1 The World-Wide Web Consortium The World-Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is a consortium of about 180 companies and institutions from all over the world, who have come together to further develop the Web. The activities of the consortium are roughly divided into three domains, called Architecture, User Interface and Technology & Society. Architecture deals with the protocols between computers (such as HTTP), with the methods to identify documents and other resources (in particular URLs), with realtime audio and video, object-oriented data models, and mobile code. Natural language doesn’t play a large role in these areas, but there are still cases where the underlying technology needs to provide support for language-related features at the user interface level. For example, when a text document is transported over the Internet, the protocol must have a way of labeling the encoding and passing it on to the receiving end. The new language XML, for text-based representations of arbitrary structured data, is also part of the Architecture domain. Being text-based, it obviously does have many internationalization aspects. The User Interface domain contains the activities in HTML, style sheets (including CSS), graphics, fonts, and colors. Since all of these have direct interaction with human beings, internationalization is a key factor in their design. Technology & Society groups together the areas of privacy, digital signatures, electronic payment, demographics, disabilities, etc. This domain is probably the one where cultural differences are most obvious, especially since it is the domain that touches directly on politics, which tend to exaggerate cultural differences. Of course, none of these areas is completely separate from the others. The internationalization activity itself is an example: although it is officially part of the User Interface domain, it has connections to almost all areas. W3C recently opened offices in Japan. After the US (at MIT, Cambridge, MA), and Europe (at INRIA, Sophia-Antipolis/Grenoble/Paris, all in France), this is the fifth W3C site. It is hosted by Keio University in Tokyo. One of the tasks for the new team is internationalization for the “CJK” (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) languages.

01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: A data format flexible enough to be easily converted to standard markup languages like HTML, XHTML or WML or to prepress imaging standards as PostScript, PDF or MIF, which should be compact and robust and allow for fast rendering even on older machines.
Abstract: Introduction Mathematical methods have subtly gained a significant role in today's both theoretical and clinical medicine. Well established procedures in diagnostics and therapy planning rely on advanced numerical methods. Nevertheless, the required calculations are not easily performed. According to several studies many physicians seem to have difficulties in performing calculations like determining drug doses or fluid balancing [Rolfe and Harper 1995, Potts and Phelan 1996, Lesar et al. 1997]. Apart from possible shortcomings in medical education these disenchanting results may predominantly be caused by poor availability of the required equations in the clinical setting and a lack of ease in performing the respective calculations. Some years ago, our group developed a web based service (MFM, "MŸnchener Formelsammlung der Medizin / Munich Formulary of Medical Sciences") offering some essential equations along with an option to perform calculations for us with standard web browsers [Dietrich et al. 1997]. This CGI-based system was implemented as a combination of QTML (QuickTime Media Layer) and server-sided AppleScript. Although this prototype enjoyed an unexpected demand it was also faced with some intrinsic limitations. First, it was of course only accessible from computers connected to the web. In view of the target audience at smaller hospitals, general practitioners or in emergency medicine where internet access would come with regular charges this would prove as a relevant restriction. Furthermore, the AppleScript based calculation subsystem showed poor performance although running on a high performance RISC server. Finally, the data format proved to be not universal enough for all intended uses as HTML, specialized for web applications, only poorly separates formatting from content. With these experiences we decided to reimplement the system nearly from scratch as a new program (FORMICA = formulary of mathematics in clinical application) providing the intended contents in several flavours: A stand alone application for common operating systems should be accomplished by an advanced web based service and a concise printed version with essential equations for clinical practice. Therefore, we chose to develop a data format flexible enough to be easily converted to standard markup languages like HTML, XHTML or WML or to prepress imaging standards as PostScript, PDF or MIF. Additionally, the format should be compact and robust and allow for fast rendering even on older machines. Methods FORMOSA, FORMICA's data format, is a language system consisting of an XML application (fML) and a scripting language (fScript). Unlike HTML with its plethora of detailed formatting tags fML focuses on content and therefore shows only a minimum of layout elements, predominantly to include multimedia objects like images or movies. To allow for reusing the calculation scripts of the MFM precursor project fScript was designed to resemble AppleScript, although in a simpler form. A first version of the stand alone application has been developed for Macintosh computers with the THINK Pascal environment (Symantec Corporation, Cupertino, Ca., USA). Following the demonstration of Niklas Wirth's PL/0 compiler [Wirth 1986] the parsing engine has been designed in a cascading manner beginning with a scanner routine reading in the respective next character from the FORMOSA source. This scanner is used by a middle level service that, depending on the current context, either recognizes valid FORMOSA symbols or assigns them, should they be newly defined fScript denominators like variables or function definitions. This service again is used by higher level procedures that read whole XML elements, text blocks of encoded character data or fScript segments. High level routines make use of these services to parse lists, entry blocks or forms written in fML or to interpret fScript code. Data entry was realized with a FileMaker Pro Database (FileMaker Corporation, Santa Clara, Ca., USA) to allow editing equation documents including multimedia objects and calculation scripts, before this information is read out via AppleScript to create XML files for inclusion as resources in the FORMICA application.