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Xylopia aethiopica
About: Xylopia aethiopica is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 347 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5511 citations.
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TL;DR: A new cytotoxic ent-kaurane-type diterpene named xylopioxyde has been isolated from the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica Dunal together with three known compounds, namely 15a-acetoxy-ent- kaur-16-en-19 oic acid (xylopic acid) and two new selective trypanocidal stereoisomers.
Abstract: A new cytotoxic ent-kaurane-type diterpene named xylopioxyde (16,17-epoxy-15-oxo-ent-kauran-19-oic acid) has been isolated from the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica Dunal (Annonaceae) together with three known compounds, namely 15a-acetoxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19 oic acid (xylopic acid), 15-oxo-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid and ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid. Xylopic acid, obtained in a good amount, has been successively converted in moderate to good yields into 15-hydroxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, 15-oxo-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid and two new selective trypanocidal stereoisomers of 15-acetoxy-16,17-ent-epoxy-kauran-19-oic acid, respectively. All the compounds except the synthetic epoxides displayed cytotoxic effects on the mammalian fibroblast cell line MRC-5 as well as inhibitory effects on the growth of the bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei cells (strain 241). © 2013 Desire SOH et al.
14 citations
TL;DR: Essential oil extracted from air-dried fruits of X. aethiopica harvested in Togo was investigated for percentage composition and in vitro cytotoxicity and did not show any cytot toxicity effect at concentrations around 3000 μg.ml-1.
Abstract: Essential oil extracted (4.4% in yield) from air-dried fruits of Xylopia aethiopica harvested in Togo was investigated for percentage composition and in vitro cytotoxicity. The chemical composition of the essential oil was examined by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-five compounds were identified representing 89.9% of total oil. The major constituents were β-pinene (23.6%), α-pinene (11%), sabinene (9.8%), germacrene D (8.3%) and 1,8 cineole (8.2%). The cytotoxicity of the volatile oil was evaluated in vitro on the human epidermal cell line HaCaT. The tested sample did not show any cytotoxicity (IC50 >3000 μg.ml-1) effect at concentrations around 3000 μg.ml-1. Further testing in bioassay would probably help in validating some of medicinal uses of X. aethiopica in topical drugs and/or in cosmetics as natural products.
13 citations
TL;DR: Treatment with XA and VC ameliorated the radiation-induced decreases in antioxidant status of the animals, suggesting that XA could have beneficial effect by inhibiting oxidative damage in brain of exposed rats.
Abstract: Xylopia aethiopica (XA) (Annonaceae) possesses great nutritional and medicinal values. This study was designed to investigate the effects of XA fruit methanol extract on oxidative stress in brain of rats exposed to whole body γ-radiation (5 Gy). Vitamin C (VC) served as standard antioxidant. Forty-four rats were divided into 4 groups of 11 rats each. One group served as control, two different groups were treated with XA and VC (250 mg/kg), 6 weeks before and 8 weeks after irradiation, and fourth group was only irradiated. Rats were sacrificed 1 and 8 weeks after irradiation. The antioxidant status, viz. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) were estimated. Results indicate a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in levels of brain LPO after irradiation. LPO increased by 90% and 151%, after 1 and 8 weeks of irradiation, respectively. Irradiation caused significant ( p < 0.05) decreases in levels of GSH and GST by 61% and 43% a...
13 citations
TL;DR: Chemical analysis indicated that for some spice extracts such as Xylopia parviflora and Aframomum citratum their secondary metabolites could potentially justify the biological properties observed, suggesting the potential usefulness of nutraceuticals derived from these plants to develop novel management strategies for obesity and diabetes complications.
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases are the greatest cause of death globally and are frequently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, a condition including visceral obesity, hypertension, elevated triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol and hyperglycaemia. Several medicinal plants, including spices, are used in Cameroon as herbal medicines and are traditionally employed for the treatment of several ailments such as diabetes and related diseases. In this study, we chemically characterized eleven Cameroonian spice extracts and evaluated their effects on some enzyme activities relevant to carbohydrate and lipid digestion and cardio-metabolic diseases. Hydroethanolic spice extracts were characterized by GC-MS analysis and screened for their ability to modulate the activity of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Among the spice extracts tested, those from Xylopia parviflora showed the widest inhibitory spectrum, with a relevant effect on all enzyme activities. Dichrostachys glomerata and Aframomum citratum extracts were more selective. The selected and strong activity of some plants, such as that of Aframomum citratum on pancreatic lipase and that of Xylopia aethiopica on ACE, suggests their specific use in obesity and hypertension, respectively. Chemical analysis indicated that for some spice extracts such as Xylopia parviflora and Aframomum citratum their secondary metabolites (chlorogenic acid, pimaric acid, and catechin and its derivatives) could potentially justify the biological properties observed. Our findings clearly show significant inhibition of cardio-metabolic enzymes by hydroethanolic Cameroonian spice extracts, suggesting the potential usefulness of nutraceuticals derived from these plants to develop novel management strategies for obesity and diabetes complications.
13 citations
TL;DR: The present study investigates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of hydro-alcoholic extracts of eleven Cameroonian spices in gastric epithelial cells (AGS and GES-1 cells) and selected extracts showed antioxidant properties in a cell-free system and reduced H2O2-induced ROS generation in gastricular cells.
Abstract: In Cameroon, local plants are traditionally used as remedies for a variety of ailments. In this regard, several papers report health benefits of Cameroonian spices, which include antioxidant and anti-microbial properties, whereas gastric anti-inflammatory activities have never been previously considered. The present study investigates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of hydro-alcoholic extracts of eleven Cameroonian spices in gastric epithelial cells (AGS and GES-1 cells). The extracts showed antioxidant properties in a cell-free system and reduced H2O2-induced ROS generation in gastric epithelial cells. After preliminary screening on TNFα-induced NF-κB driven transcription, six extracts from Xylopia parviflora, Xylopia aethiopica, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Dichrostachys glomerata, Aframomum melegueta, and Aframomum citratum were selected for further studies focusing on the anti-inflammatory activity. The extracts reduced the expression of some NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory mediators strictly involved in the gastric inflammatory process, such as IL-8, IL-6, and enzymes such as PTGS2 (COX-2), without affecting PTGS1 (COX-1). In conclusion, the selected extracts decreased pro-inflammatory markers by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling in gastric cells, justifying, in part, the traditional use of these spices. Other molecular mechanisms cannot be excluded, and further studies are needed to better clarify their biological activities at the gastric level.
13 citations