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Yeast

About: Yeast is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 31777 publications have been published within this topic receiving 868967 citations. The topic is also known as: yeasts.


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Journal ArticleDOI
28 Mar 1986-Science
TL;DR: The gag-pol gene of HTLV-III (human T-lymphotropic virus), the virus linked to AIDS, was expressed in yeast, and processing of the gag precursor into proteins of the same size as those in the virion was observed.
Abstract: The gag-pol gene of HTLV-III (human T-lymphotropic virus), the virus linked to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), was expressed in yeast, and processing of the gag precursor into proteins of the same size as those in the virion was observed. Processing of the gag gene in yeast cells mimics the process that naturally occurs in mammalian cells during maturation of virions. Therefore it was possible to perform mutational analysis of the virus genome to localize the gene that codes for the protease function to the amino terminal coding region of the pol gene. Since this region overlaps the gag gene, it is likely that ribosomal frameshifting occurs from gag to pol. Antibodies in all of the AIDS patients' sera tested recognized the yeast synthesized gag proteins, although the sera showed differences in relative reactivity to the individual gag proteins and the precursor. This yeast system should be valuable not only for production of viral proteins for diagnostic or vaccine purposes but also for analysis of the genetics and biochemistry of viral gene functions--parameters that are difficult to study otherwise with this virus.

308 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results suggest that yeast culture provides soluble growth factors (i.e., organic acids, B vitamins, and amino acids) that stimulate growth of ruminal bacteria that utilize lactate and digest cellulose.

307 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The finding that the rate of xylose fermentation in Pa. tannophilus and Pi.
Abstract: The kinetics and enzymology of o-xylose utilization were studied in aerobic and anaerobic batch cultures of the facultatively fermentative yeasts Candida utilis, Pachysolen tannophilus, and Pichia stipitis. These yeasts did not produce ethanol under aerobic conditions. When shifted to anaerobiosis cultures of C. utilis did not show fermentation of xylose; in Pa. tannophilus a very low rate of ethanol formation was apparent, whereas with Pi. stipitis rapid fermentation of xylose occurred. The different behaviour of these yeasts ist most probably explained by differences in the nature of the initial steps of xylose metabolism: in C. utilis xylose is metabolized via an NADPH-dependent xylose reductase and an NAD+-linked xylitol dehydrogenase. As a consequence, conversion of xylose to ethanol by C. utilis leads to an overproduction of NADH which blocks metabolic activity in the absence of oxygen. In Pa. tannophilus and Pi. stipitis, however, apart from an NADPH-linked xylose reductase also an NADH-linked xylose reductase was present. Apparently xylose metabolism via the NADH-dependent reductase circumvents the imbalance of the NAD+/NADH redox system, thus allowing fermentation of xylose to ethanol under anaerobic conditions. The finding that the rate of xylose fermentation in Pa. tannophilus and Pi. stipitis corresponds with the activity of the NADH-linked xylose reductase activity is in line with this hypothesis. Furthermore, a comparative study with various xylose-assimilating yeasts showed that significant alcoholic fermentation of xylose only occurred in those organisms which possessed NADH-linked aldose reductase

307 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The finding of apoptosis in yeast, other fungi and parasites is not only of great medical relevance but will also help to understand some of the still unknown molecular mechanisms at the core of apoptotic execution.

307 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 1985-Cell
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that purified RAS proteins, whether derived from the yeast RAS1 or RAS2 or the human H-ras genes, activate yeast adenylate cyclase in the presence of guanine nucleotides, providing a complete biochemical assay for RAS protein function.

307 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,445
20223,214
2021816
2020870
2019977
2018968