Topic
Zeatin
About: Zeatin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2467 publications have been published within this topic receiving 64092 citations. The topic is also known as: Zeatin & (E/Z)-zeatin.
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TL;DR: Although somatic embryos germinated, the apical meristem did not elongate and appeared to continue after removal of the embryos that developed first, especially on cultivars with a lower initial induction rate.
Abstract: The effects of cytokinins on somatic embryogenesis in pepper were studied using a Murashige and Skoog-based medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 10% sucrose. Compared to the medium without cytokinins, N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenine and kinetin had no significant effect, whereas benzylaminopurine and zeatin significantly reduced somatic embryogenesis. Coconut water (10%) either had no significant effect or it reduced embryogenesis as well. Induction of somatic embryogenesis was also dependent on genotype. Appearance of somatic embryos continued after removal of the embryos that developed first, especially on cultivars with a lower initial induction rate. Although somatic embryos germinated, the apical meristem did not elongate.
20 citations
TL;DR: A new reliable protocol for the induction of adventitious shoots and plant regenertion from cotyledon-derived callus of Acacia sinuata has been developed and it was revealed that the regenerated shoots originated from the callus.
Abstract: A new reliable protocol for the induction of adventitious shoots and plant regenertion from cotyledon-derived callus of Acacia sinuata has been developed. Calluses were induced from cotyledon explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar or 0.15% phytagel, 8.1 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 2.2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). High-frequency regeneration of adventitious buds from callus was achieved when cultured on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 10% coconut water, 13.3 μM BA, and 2.5 μM zeatin. Histological studies revealed that the regenerated shoots originated from the callus. Among the various carbohydrates tested, sucrose at 87.6 mM was optimum for shoot-bud induction. Addition of 1.7 μM gibberellic acid along with 4.4 μM favored shoot elongation. In vitro-raised shoots produced prominent roots when transferred to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 7.4 μM indole-3-butyric acid. Rooted plants, thus developed, were hardened and successfully established in soil (45%). This protocol yielded an average of 40 plantlets per cotyledon explant over a period of 3 mo.
20 citations
TL;DR: The possible physiological functions of the large quantities of Z and ZR and ZN derived from the host barley, for the improved leaf development and the stomatal reactions of the parasitising Rhinanthus are discussed.
Abstract: Using the facultative root hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor L. and Hordeum vulgare L. as a host, the flows, depositions and metabolism of zeatin-type cytokinins [zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR), zeatin nucleotide (ZN)] within the host, the parasite and between host and parasite have been studied during the period 41–54 d after planting (i.e. ~30–43 d after successful attachment of the parasite to the host). Parasitism decreased the synthesis of Z in the root (by 57%) and decreased xylem flows (by 56%) and metabolism (by 71%) in leaf laminae. However, phloem flows of Z were increased by 3-fold in the host barley. The deposition of Z in the roots of Rhinanthus and the flows in xylem and phloem were increased by 20, 12, 29-fold, respectively, after successfully attaching to the host barley. However, net biosynthesis of Z in Rhinanthus roots decreased by 35% after attachment. This indicates that a large portion (70%) of xylem flow of Z in attached Rhinanthus was extracted from the host. In singly growing Rhinanthus plants, the balance of Z deposition in the shoot was negative (i.e. Z was metabolised and exported back to root in the phloem). Xylem flows and deposition of ZR and ZN showed comparable quantitative changes after attachment. A significant deposition of Z, ZR and ZN was detected in the haustoria of the Rhinanthus / barley association. The possible physiological functions of the large quantities of Z and ZR and ZN derived from the host barley, for the improved leaf development and the stomatal reactions of the parasitising Rhinanthus are discussed.
20 citations
TL;DR: The development of reliable protoplast-to-tree systems for these two species will enable studies of phylogenesis in the family Rosaceae generally, and in particular the use of somatic hybridization to examine the theories on the origin of the European prune.
20 citations
TL;DR: An in vitro propagation technique based on axillary bud proliferation was developed for the first time to mature annatto (Bixa orellana L.) tree and revealed the genetic stability among the micropropagated plants.
Abstract: An in vitro propagation technique based on axillary bud proliferation was developed for the first time to mature annatto (Bixa orellana L.) tree. Nodal segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 μM benzyl adenine (BA) and tender coconut water (10 %) showed significantly high (P < 0.05) explant response (67.0 %), development of elongated shoots (3.36), shoot buds (8.9) and shoot elongation (3.53 cm). Cytokinins like zeatin, isopentenyl adenine (2-iP), kinetin, or thidiazuron (TDZ) were inferior to BA to induce multiple shoots. Seasonal variations significantly affected the in vitro response of nodal explants. In vitro rooting experiments have showed 55.6 % rooting on MS medium containing 15 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Alternatively, in vitro raised shoots were rooted (61.1 %) ex vitro, by 10 mM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 30 s. The results of the RAPD marker system revealed the genetic stability among the micropropagated plants. The present protocol in brief, can be used for the clonal propagation of the superior genotype and preservation of germplasm.
20 citations