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Zinc toxicity

About: Zinc toxicity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 727 publications have been published within this topic receiving 34583 citations. The topic is also known as: zinc poisoning.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A trumpeter swan observed near a mill pond in Picher, Oklahoma, USA became weakened and emaciated after about 1 mo, was captured with little resistance, and taken into captivity for medical care, and died overnight.
Abstract: A trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) was observed near a mill pond in Picher, Oklahoma, USA. It became weakened and emaciated after about 1 mo, was captured with little resistance, and taken into captivity for medical care. Serum chemistry results were consistent with hepatic, renal, and muscular damage. Serum zinc concentration was elevated at 11.2 parts per million (ppm). The swan was treated for suspected heavy-metal poisoning, but died overnight. Gross postmortem findings were emaciation and pectoral muscle atrophy. Histopathologic lesions in the pancreas included mild diffuse disruption of acinar architecture, severe diffuse depletion or absence of zymogen granules, occasional apoptotic bodies in acinar epithelial cells, and mild interstitial and capsular fibrosis. Zinc concentration in pancreas was 3,200 ppm wet weight, and was similar to that reported in the pancreases of waterfowl known to be killed by zinc toxicity. Zinc concentrations in liver (154 ppm) and kidneys (145 ppm) also were elevated. Acute tubular necrosis of the collecting tubules of the kidneys was also possibly due to zinc toxicity. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first confirmed case of zinc poisoning in a trumpeter swan associated with mining wastes.

53 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: If Zn has shown antioxidant effect in some in vitro or in vivo systems, the observations clearly demonstrate that this role is not mediated by antioxidant metalloenzymes.
Abstract: In purified system zinc has been shown to have an antioxidant role. Its effects on the resistance of cultured cells towards oxidative stress in vitro were examined. Diploid human skin fibroblasts were grown for 21 d in culture media (RPMI 1640 containing 15% fetal calf serum) added with different zinc (Zn) concentrations (100, 125, and 150 microM as Zinc chlorur ZnCl2). In comparison, cell controls were grown in standard culture media (6.5 microM Zn). The intracellular zinc levels of treated fibroblasts increased from 3- to 7-fold (2330 +/- 120 ng/mg protein in 150-microM Zn-treated cells versus 331 +/- 21 ng/mg protein in control cells). The intracellular copper increased 3- fold whereas the iron content slightly but not significantly decreased. The index of basal lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBARs) of zinc-supplemented cells was lower than that of non zinc supplemented controls (0.89 mumol/g protein in 150 microM Zn-treated cells versus 1.59 mumol/g protein in controls). At these high doses of zinc, fibroblasts expressed lower antioxidant metalloenzymes activities. Diminished TBARs in Zn treated cells tends to support that Zn acts protectively against free radical mediated damage. However when the cells were challenged with extracellular oxidant stresses mediated by hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an increased toxicity in Zn-supplemented cells was observed. When we applied an intracellular oxidative stress as UV-B or UV-A radiation, Zn-treated fibroblasts were more resistant than cells grown in normal medium. If Zn has shown antioxidant effect in some in vitro or in vivo systems our observations clearly demonstrate that this role is not mediated by antioxidant metalloenzymes.

53 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparisons roughly confirm the predictions of the SSD model, that is, the community NOEC is in agreement with the benchmark that should protect the soil ecosystem's integrity, and large adverse effects were found at the benchmark derived for setting remediation urgency.
Abstract: The effect of zinc on the indigenous nematode fauna of a sandy soil was determined in an experimentally contaminated outdoor field plot. The aims of the study were to describe and quantify the changes in density of separate nematode taxa and total nematodes, and the changes in the number of taxa, species diversity, community maturation, and species composition in response to zinc exposure with time, and to compare the observed responses with benchmark concentrations for soil as derived from the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) for zinc toxicity. Speciation of zinc in pore water was considered and CaCl2-exchangeable zinc concentrations were used as a measure of the bioavailable zinc fraction. After contamination, a reduction of total zinc and an increase of labile sorbed zinc over time occurred, concurrent with various changes in soil and biological characteristics. Data analyses on the nematode species revealed different sensitivity levels for several population and community endpoints to zinc exposure. Based on no observed effect concentration (NOEC) values, the most sensitive community-level response was obtained with principal response curve (PRC) analysis, which incorporates all density data in a single analysis. The PRC-based community NOECs were 56, 100, and 100 mg total Zn/kg dry soil after 3, 10, and 22 months of exposure, respectively. Based on 0.01 M CaCl2-exchangeable zinc, the community response appeared to increase, as NOECs were 4.9, 4.4, and 0.67 mg exchangeable Zn/kg dry weight. Total density was least sensitive, followed by diversity of taxa and the Shannon-Wiener index. NOECs for separate species covered a broad range from sensitive to tolerant species. This range of sensitivities was similar to the one found for other species groups tested in the field plot soil. A comparison was made between benchmark concentrations HC5 and HC50 derived from the general SSD of soil organisms for zinc and the nematode response data. These comparisons roughly confirm the predictions of the SSD model, that is, the community NOEC is in agreement with the benchmark that should protect the soil ecosystem's integrity, and large adverse effects were found at the benchmark derived for setting remediation urgency.

53 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the feed availability adversely affected Znoxicity where feed availability to appropriate ration could minimize the deleterious effect of Zn toxicity on Nile tilapia performance and health, and vice versa.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence indicates that the most sensitive parameter of metal toxicity for animals living in a chronically contaminated environment is the GSH/GSSG ratio, which was decreased in the liver of animals with high Cd levels.

52 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202312
202221
202114
202021
201917
201818