Topic
Zinc toxicity
About: Zinc toxicity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 727 publications have been published within this topic receiving 34583 citations. The topic is also known as: zinc poisoning.
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TL;DR: In this paper, two different zinc oxide nanoparticles, as well as zinc ions, are used to study the cellular responses of the RAW 264 macrophage cell line, and a proteomic screen is used to provide a wide view of the molecular effects of zinc.
Abstract: Two different zinc oxide nanoparticles, as well as zinc ions, are used to study the cellular responses of the RAW 264 macrophage cell line. A proteomic screen is used to provide a wide view of the molecular effects of zinc, and the most prominent results are cross-validated by targeted studies. Furthermore, the alteration of important macrophage functions (e.g. phagocytosis) by zinc is also investigated. The intracellular dissolution/uptake of zinc is also studied to further characterize zinc toxicity. Zinc oxide nanoparticles dissolve readily in the cells, leading to high intracellular zinc concentrations, mostly as protein-bound zinc. The proteomic screen reveals a rather weak response in the oxidative stress response pathway, but a strong response both in the central metabolism and in the proteasomal protein degradation pathway. Targeted experiments confirm that carbohydrate catabolism and proteasome are critical determinants of sensitivity to zinc, which also induces DNA damage. Conversely, glutathione levels and phagocytosis appear unaffected at moderately toxic zinc concentrations.
44 citations
TL;DR: A BLM was successfully developed to predict Zn toxicity to barley root elongation as a function of solution characteristics and showed that Znoxicity decreased with increased activity of Mg2+, K+ and Ca2+ but not Na+.
44 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that the anaemia was more the result of the haemorrhages than of the zinc-induced copper deficiency, suggesting that ferrets are more susceptible to excess of dietary zinc than other species so far studied.
43 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that the metal cations tested did have a direct effect on pituitary hormone release at a dose lower than those reported to alter testicular function in vitro, and the changes in pituitsary hormone secretion varied depending upon the metal and hormone being evaluated.
Abstract: Increased body burdens of metal cations are known to affect adversely reproductive function in several species. The effects of these metals on gonadal function are well documented. In contrast, little is known about their possible direct effects on pituitary hormone release. The purpose of this study was to determine, in vitro, the effects of nickel, cadmium, and zinc (50 microM) on both baseline and potassium chloride (KCl)-stimulated pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (Prl), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release. Anterior pituitary fragments from adult male Long-Evans rats were evaluated using a continuous-flow perifusion system. Baseline and stimulated LH releases were unaffected by nickel and zinc; however, cadmium caused an increase in baseline LH secretion. Baseline Prl release was decreased by zinc, while cadmium resulted in increased release of this hormone. Stimulated Prl release was lower during exposure to zinc but unaltered by nickel and cadmium. Following exposure to zinc, a rebound in stimulated release was noted for all three hormones measured. These results showed that the metal cations tested did have a direct effect on pituitary hormone release at a dose lower than those reported to alter testicular function in vitro. Furthermore, the changes in pituitary hormone secretion varied depending upon the metal and hormone being evaluated.
43 citations
43 citations