Topic
Zirconium alloy
About: Zirconium alloy is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6548 publications have been published within this topic receiving 78954 citations. The topic is also known as: zircaloy.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the strain under irradiation of zirconium and its alloys is calculated within a simple rate theory approach, where dislocations and interstitial dislocation loops with their Burgers vector oriented parallel to the crystal basal plane are assumed to climb by preferentially attracting interstitials with respect to vacancies.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied the neutron diffraction method for non-destructive evaluation of residual stresses in a circumferential weld in a ferritic steel pipe of outer diameter 114 mm and thickness 8.6 mm.
Abstract: Three-dimensional scans of residual stress within intact weldments provide insight into the consequences of various welding techniques and stress-relieving procedures. The neutron diffraction method for nondestructive evaluation of residual stresses has been applied to a circumferential weld in a ferritic steel pipe of outer diameter 114 mm and thickness 8.6 mm. The maximum tensile stresses, 250 MPa in the hoop direction, are found at mid-thickness of the fusion zone. The residual stresses approach zero within 20 mm from the weld center. The residual stresses caused by welding zirconium alloy components are partially to blame for failures due to delayed-hydride cracking. Neutron diffraction measurements in a GTA-welded Zr-2.5 Nb plate have shown that heat treatment at 530 C for 1 h reduces the longitudinal residual strain by 60%. Neutron diffraction has also been used to scan the residual stresses near circumferential electron beam welds in irradiated and unirradiated Zr-2.5 Nb pressure tubes. The residual stresses due to electron beam welding appear to be lower than 130 MPa, even in the as-welded state. No significant changes occur in the residual stress pattern of the electron-beam welded tube, during a prolonged exposure to thermal neutrons and the temperatures typical of an operating nuclearmore » reactor.« less
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the surface of the oxidised alloys was analyzed and the precipitate oxidation behavior was found to be alloying element specific, and small crescent-shaped cracks were observed at precipitate-oxide interface.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the ω-phase, or metastable non-stoichiometric disordered e-phase plays a large part in the decomposition of the alloys containing 30-50 at % zirconium.
25 citations
TL;DR: The phase equilibria in the system ZrCr2 have been studied by metallography, X-ray and electron diffraction, electron-probe microanalysis, hardness and thermal analysis in the composition ranges 0-2.25 Wt.% chromium and 0-2400 p.m. oxygen.
Abstract: Phase equilibria in the system ZrCrO have been studied by metallography, X-ray and electron diffraction, electron-probe microanalysis, hardness and thermal analysis in the composition ranges 0–2.25 Wt.% chromium and 0–2400 p.p.m. oxygen. A binary (α-zirconium + ZrCr2) eutectoid forms over a temperature range that expands with oxygen concentration up to about 135 °C for a 2400-p.p.m.-oxygen alloy. Oxygen also increases the chromium concentration of the eutectoid from between 0.7 and 0.95 wt.% for a o-p.p.m.-oxygen alloy and 1.25 wt.% for a 2400-p.p.m.-oxygen alloy. The oxygen concentration of the α solid solution has a derived maximum of about 9000 p.p.m. at approximately 900 °C. The crystal structure determined for ZrCr2 (MgCu2 type, a = 7.21 A ) confirms earlier work. The impurity iron dissolves completely in ZrCr2 but, up to 3 wt.% iron, has no observable effect on the lattice parameter. Outstanding microstructural features are the formation of a twinned martensitic product in quenched 0.2 to 1.5 wt.% chromium alloys, the existence of a hexagonal omega phase ( a = 5.02 A , c = 3.12 A , c a = 0.622 ) in a quenched 2.25-wt.%-chromium alloy and the appearance, at certain cooling rates, from the β and α + β regions of a grain-boundary “alpha-like” phase.
25 citations