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Zone plate

About: Zone plate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3066 publications have been published within this topic receiving 42992 citations. The topic is also known as: diffractive lens & Fresnel zone plate.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate a coherent imaging technique that enables them to image the complex field at the focus of an X-ray zone plate without the need for conventional Xray lenses, and they show that there are no fundamental limits on the resolution of this lensless imaging technique other than the wavelength of the X-rays themselves.
Abstract: The rapid development of new sources of coherent X-rays, such as third-generation synchrotrons, high-harmonic-generation lasers1 and X-ray free-electron lasers2, has led to the emergence of the new field of X-ray coherent science. The extension of coherent methods to the X-ray regime makes possible methods such as coherent diffraction, X-ray photon-correlation spectroscopy, speckle interferometry and ultrafast probing at atomic resolution and femtosecond timescales. Despite rapid improvements in the resolution that conventional X-ray optics can achieve, new methods for manipulating X-rays are required to push this to the atomic scale3. Here we demonstrate a coherent imaging technique that enables us to image the complex field at the focus of an X-ray zone plate without the need for conventional X-ray lenses. There are no fundamental limits on the resolution of this lensless imaging technique other than the wavelength of the X-rays themselves. The ability to characterize the beam with one measurement makes the method ideally suited to characterizing the fields generated by pulsed coherent X-ray sources.

200 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
21 Jul 2017-Science
TL;DR: Nanofabricated structured targets of ZnO are used and varied the chemical composition of the sample to demonstrate that (modest) high harmonics can be generated as the light interacts with the target materials, and present the possibility of developing solid-state ultrafast optical devices.
Abstract: The advent of high-harmonic generation in gases 30 years ago set the foundation for attosecond science and facilitated ultrafast spectroscopy in atoms, molecules, and solids. We explore high-harmonic generation in the solid state by means of nanostructured and ion-implanted semiconductors. We use wavelength-selective microscopic imaging to map enhanced harmonic emission and show that the generation medium and the driving field can be locally tailored in solids by modifying the chemical composition and morphology. This enables the control of high-harmonic technology within precisely engineered solid targets. We demonstrate customized high-harmonic wave fields with wavelengths down to 225 nanometers (ninth-harmonic order of 2-micrometer laser pulses) and present an integrated Fresnel zone plate target in silicon, which leads to diffraction-limited self-focusing of the generated harmonics down to 1-micrometer spot sizes.

189 citations

Patent
17 Dec 1979
TL;DR: In this article, a phase shift multifocal zone plate is designed to provide multiple focii with bright images, by adjusting the zone plate spacings such that some of the zone plates foci actually coincide with the multifocal Fresnel lens foci.
Abstract: A multifocal zone plate construction suitable for use in optical systems with multifocal requirements. It is designed as a phase shift multifocal zone plate to provide multiple focii with bright images. This is accomplished by adjusting the zone plate spacings such that some of the zone plate focii actually coincide with some of the multifocal Fresnel lens focii.

185 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a sub-50 nm resolution X-ray computed tomography (XCT) system operating at 8 keV in absorption and Zemike phase contrast modes is described.
Abstract: High-resolution X-ray computed tomography (XCT) enables nondestructive 3D imaging of complex structures, regardless of their state of crystallinity. This work describes a sub-50 nm resolution XCT system operating at 8 keV in absorption and Zemike phase contrast modes based on a commercially available Cu rotating anode laboratory X-ray source. The system utilizes a high efficiency reflective capillary condenser lens and high-resolution Fresnel zone plates with an outermost zone width of 35 nm and 700 nm structure height resulting in a spatial resolution better than 50 nm currently. Imaging a fragment of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) with 50 nm resolution is presented as an application example of the XCT technique in materials science and nanotechnology.

184 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Significant progress is reported in ultra-high aspect ratio nanofabrication of high-resolution, dense silicon nanostructures using vertical directionality controlled metal-assisted chemical etching using high efficiency in the critical outer layers.
Abstract: Although diffractive optics have played a major role in nanoscale soft X-ray imaging, high-resolution and high-efficiency diffractive optics have largely been unavailable for hard X-rays where many scientific, technological and biomedical applications exist. This is owing to the long-standing challenge of fabricating ultra-high aspect ratio high-resolution dense nanostructures. Here we report significant progress in ultra-high aspect ratio nanofabrication of high-resolution, dense silicon nanostructures using vertical directionality controlled metal-assisted chemical etching. The resulting structures have very smooth sidewalls and can be used to pattern arbitrary features, not limited to linear or circular. We focus on the application of X-ray zone plate fabrication for high-efficiency, high-resolution diffractive optics, and demonstrate the process with linear, circular, and spiral zone plates. X-ray measurements demonstrate high efficiency in the critical outer layers. This method has broad applications including patterning for thermoelectric materials, battery anodes and sensors among others.

181 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202325
202242
202162
202089
201989
2018104